Tuesday, September 1, 2020

Why People Believe Conspiracy Theories -- Trump's "Dark Shadows"



We had somebody get on a plane from a certain city this weekend, and in the plane it was almost completely loaded with thugs, wearing these dark uniforms, black uniforms, with gear and this and that … People that you've never heard of, people that are in the dark shadows .”

Donald Trump in an interview with Fox News host Laura Ingraham

Donald Trump alleged in an interview that a group of people from "the dark shadows" are controlling Joe Biden. He then claimed the matter was “under investigation right now.”

When interview host Ingraham asked for more information about the flight, the president said, "I'll tell you sometime." He then alleged the people had been headed to Washington to disrupt the RNC.

This was all, this was all happening,” Trump said. Ingraham asked where they were getting their money.

The money is coming from some very stupid rich people that have no idea that if their thing ever succeeded, which it won’t, they will be thrown to the wolves like you’ve never seen before,” Trump said.

The conspiracy theory that President Donald Trump pushed Monday that a plane “almost completely loaded with thugs” had been set to disrupt the Republican National Convention was almost identical to a rumor that went viral on Facebook three months ago.

There is no evidence of any such flight. Symone Sanders, a senior adviser to the Biden campaign, dismissed Trump’s allegation, telling MSNBC that she did not know what the president was referencing. Sanders says …

I can only attribute it to President Trump doesn’t have a plan, he doesn’t have a reelection strategy, and he is intent on making up things. He’s flailing.”

(David Cohen and Quint Forgey. “Trump alleges Biden controlled by people in ‘dark shadows.'” Politico. August 31, 2020.)

Trump has used similarly ominous language to describe Biden, declaring last month that the former vice president – a devout Catholic – is “against the Bible” and would “hurt God” if elected.

Trump has embraced multiple conspiracy theories throughout his political career. He also offered theories Monday about unrest in some American cities, alleging, for instance, that “Portland has been burning for many years, for decades it’s been burning” and repeatedly asserting that protesters there wanted to kill Mayor Ted Wheeler.

Meanwhile, while expressing support for police during the Fox interview, Trump compared shootings to golf, saying, "There's a whole big thing there, but they (officers) choke just like in a golf tournament, they miss a 3-foot..."

A product of tabloid culture, Trump has long trafficked in conspiracy theories. But as chief executive, he’s used the machinery of government to give the ones especially useful to him the stamp of official validation.

Trump’s mind is fertile soil for bogus ideas to take root. He often pushes away facts and conclusions that don’t jibe with his own views, so he hears what he wants to hear, and disregards what he doesn’t. Peter Nicholas, staff writer at The Atlantic, explains …

These baseless theories are a way for Trump to explain away his problems and undercut opponents. Beyond that, though, they seem to serve distinct emotional needs, feeding a narcissistic ego that cold reality won’t satisfy. His efforts to persuade the public to go along with these self-protective myths have already corroded democratic institutions. The wreckage from that destructive legacy won’t be easily repaired after he leaves the stage.”

(Peter Nicholas. “Trump Needs Conspiracy Theories.” The Atlantic. November 29, 2019.)

Throughout his presidency, on the campaign trail, and even in the years prior, Trump has floated theories fueled by the conspiratorial-minded corners of supermarket tabloids and the darkest corners of the internet.

Here are just a few of the most notable conspiracy theories Trump has entertained over the years:

Questions about President Obama's birth certificate.
Questions about the legitimacy of climate change.
Questions about the legitimacy of the "Access Hollywood" tape.
Questions about Ted Cruz's father's potential ties to President John F. Kennedy's assassin.
Claims that Obama had wiretapped Trump's phone.
Claims that voter fraud in the 2016 election cost him the popular vote.
Questions about whether Syrian refugees are ISIS terrorists.
Questions about Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia's death.
Questions about whether childhood vaccines cause autism.
Claims 3,000 people didn't die in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria and that Democrats inflated the death toll.
Questions about whether Muslims in New Jersey were cheering after 9/11.
Claims that windmills cause cancer.


What is severely disturbing is that many people believe these outlandish conspiracies and post them on social media to stir the emotions of the populace to take further action against Trump's opposition. They love to “stir it up” and grant allegiance to unfounded stories.

It seems these gullible folks will believe anything that fits their political affiliations. Educated and not-so-educated individuals alike run with fantasy and claim it to be fact. The meme and the tweet feed the rumor-hungry masses. Just post it without fact checking.

Why do people believe the outlandish theories?

University of Chicago Political Science Professor Eric Oliver, who’s been studying conspiracy theories for over a decade, says his research shows how one basic tension explains both belief in conspiracy theories and our political divide. Deeper than red or blue, liberal or conservative, we’re actually divided by intuitionists and rationalists.

According to Oliver's research, when people are about six or seven different conspiracy theories, he usually find about half of the public will agree with at least one of them. These range from what might seem really outlandish conspiracy theories, for example, the idea that vapor trails that follow jets are a campaign of secret government spraying to ideas that, for example, the Food and Drug Administration is deliberately withholding natural cures for cancer from secret pressure from the pharmaceutical industry. Oliver claimss he usually gets about 40 percent of Americans agreeing with that idea.

Oliver says …

What we see when we see people engaged in conspiracy theories is that they're drawing on their own intuitions to make sense of the world …

And the things that correlated most strongly with conspiracy theories were things like believing in supernatural or paranormal phenomena … conspiracy theory seems to be similar to these things and it's a form of magical thinking …

Magical thinking is not simply that we just invoke the unobservable force, but that we also reject an alternative explanation that is based on something that's observable …

Our intuitions are based in our emotions. And, when we're feeling uncertainty about the world, it generates a lot of anxiety. So if we're feeling anxious, we look for an explanation that rationalizes that emotional experience …

Then the second part of intuitions is that intuition actually have a grammar to them … Heuristics are these certain judgmental shortcuts that we make when we’re trying to understand the world.”

(“The Science of Conspiracy Theories and Political Polarization with Eric Oliver Ep. 25.” Big Brains. The University of Chicago. August 2020.)

Anxiety and uncertainty” – Trump uses these emotions at will to stir his base and cover his tracks. “Shortcut” – the King of Tweets, Trump employs brief, explosive bursts of vitriol to persuade his faithful and denounce any suggestion of political correctness. With the help of Oliver's research, it is easy to see the vast fertile ground for conspiracy in 2020 America.

Dark shadows” – who knows what Trump truly believes and what he merely spins for personal gain? It really doesn't matter because his narcissistic intentions push his Deep State inventions to divide the country. He sows deceit without care about anything but his own ego.

Constructing his own reality necessitates an attack on fact-finding institutions that are central to American democracy – universities, nonpartisan government agencies, law enforcement, the intelligence community, and the news media. For Trump’s version of events to take hold, he needs people to accept that the facts leaping out at them aren’t to be believed, that institutions wedded to objective truth aren’t to be trusted.”

Peter Nicholas

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