Tuesday, November 30, 2021

The Right To Be Happy: Jefferson And Beyond

"There is no path to happiness; happiness is the path."

Buddha

As Americans, we demand our pursuit of happiness. A clause in the Declaration of Independence sets forth the freedom of citizens to pursue happiness …

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

Borrowing the idea of pursuing virtue or happiness from Scottish moral philosophers, such as Henry Home and Lord Kames, Thomas Jefferson went so far as to substitute the phrase the pursuit of “happiness" for the word "property" in his litany of unalienable natural rights.

In 1689, Locke argued in Two Treatises of Government that political society existed for the sake of protecting "property,” which he defined as a person's "life, liberty, and estate.” In A Letter Concerning Toleration, he wrote that the magistrate's power was limited to preserving a person's "civil interest,” which he described as "life, liberty, health, and indolency of body; and the possession of outward things". He declared in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding that "the highest perfection of intellectual nature lies in a careful and constant pursuit of true and solid happiness".

(James H. Tully, James H editor. John Locke. A Letter Concerning Toleration.1689.)

According to those scholars who saw the root of Jefferson's thought in Locke's doctrine, Jefferson replaced "estate" with "the pursuit of happiness" although this does not mean that Jefferson meant the "pursuit of happiness" to refer primarily or exclusively to property. Under such an assumption, the Declaration of Independence would declare that government existed primarily for the reasons Locke gave, and some have extended that line of thinking to support a conception of limited government.

(Michael P. Zuckert, The Natural Rights Republic. 1996.)

If Jefferson's “happiness” was not about hedonism, it was about fostering virtue and tranquility. However, since its inception, the “pursuit of happiness” has floated free and become a vague version of an American promise. To most now, it means pretty much what anyone wishes it to mean. To many citizens, that “pursuit” means the freedom to do whatever one wants to do at a given moment.

Of course, following materialism – considering material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values – many Americans believe happiness is sold as a commodity. In the modern world, happiness is the closest thing we have to a summum bonum, the highest good from which all other goods flow. In this logic unhappiness becomes the summum malum, the greatest evil to be avoided. There is some evidence that the obsessive pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression.

(Brett Q. Ford et al. “Desperately seeking happiness: valuing happiness is associated with symptoms and diagnosis of depression.” J Soc Clin Psychol. 2014.)

In his recent book, The Enlightenment: The Pursuit of Happiness, historian Ritchie Robertson, former Germanic Editor of The Modern Language Review and co-director of the Oxford Kafka Research Centre – argues that the Enlightenment should be understood not as the increase in value of reason itself, but instead as the quest for happiness through reason.

(Ritchie Robertson. The Enlightenment: The Pursuit of Happiness. 2021.)

Whatever it does or doesn't entail, the “pursuit of happiness” is protected by law. As used in constitutional law, this right specifically includes the following:

Personal freedom,

Freedom of contract,

Exemption from oppression or invidious (prejudicial) discrimination,

The right to follow one’s individual preference in the choice of an occupation and the application of his energies,

Liberty of conscience, and

The right to enjoy the domestic relations and the privileges of the family and the home.”

(“Pursuit of Happiness.” TheLaw.com. Law Dictionary & Black's Law Dictionary 2nd Ed. 1995.)

Would you please carefully reread the guarantee to the unalienable right of happiness in the Constitution and the laws pertaining to that document that express absolute freedoms. The key word in the happiness promise is “pursuit” – meaning “seeking to attain.” Nowhere does it provide for the secure attainment of absolute contentment, and nowhere does it guarantee the acquisition of happiness.

The right to the 'pursuit of happiness' affirmed in the Declaration of Independence is taken these days to affirm a right to chase after whatever makes one subjectively happy,” says James R. Rogers, associate professor of political science at Texas A&M University and Contributing Editor at Law & Liberty.

Further, the Declaration doesn’t guarantee the right to happiness, the thought usually goes, but only the right to pursue what makes you happy. This reading of the Declaration’s ‘pursuit of happiness’ is wrong on both scores.”

(Joe Carter. “The Meaning of the 'Pursuit of Happiness'” Acton Institute. June 19, 2012.)

To better understand a positive “pursuit” of happiness, psychologist and survivor of four Nazi death camps,, wrote, “Happiness cannot be pursued; it must 'ensue' (occur afterward or as a result). One must have a reason to 'be happy.'”

(Viktor E. Frankl. Man's Search for Meaning. 1992.)

Only when the emotions work in terms of values can the individual feel pure joy.”

Viktor Frankl

According to Frankly, it is a futile effort to pursue happiness. Happiness must ensue from the search and practice of a meaningful life.

Meaning, according to Frankl, can be found in one of three places:

  1. by creating a work or doing a deed;

  2. by experiencing something or encountering someone; and

  3. by the attitude one takes towards unavoidable suffering.

If there is meaning in life at all, then there must be meaning in suffering.”

– Viktor Frankl

This explanation alone makes little sense of Frankl’s work. To simply read these conclusions, which Frankl arrived after a long and prodigious practice and after surviving three years of Nazi imprisonment, is like learning the plot twist at the end of a good thriller without having read the book.

Frankl says …

What man actually needs is not a tensionless state but rather the striving and struggling for some goal worthy of him. What he needs is not the discharge of tension at any cost, but the call of a potential meaning waiting to be fulfilled by him.”

Frankl points to research indicating a strong relationship between “meaninglessness” and criminal behavior, addiction and depression. He argues that in the absence of meaning, people fill the resultant void with hedonistic pleasures, power, materialism, hatred, boredom, or neurotic obsessions and compulsions

Viktor Frankl: Pursuit of Happiness.” The Will to Meaning: Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy. 2021.)

Happiness must happen, and the same holds for success: you have to let it happen by not caring about it.”

Viktor Frankl

 

Your Pursuit of Happiness

To me, living in the pursuit of happiness simply as a God-given right to pursue joy freely, as long as you don't do anything illegal or violate the rights of others, can be shallow and likely to lead to a less meaningful existence. Too many people believe in using a right to gain a personal advantage. Just because you have the right to do something, doesn't make it the right thing to do. I fear it makes a lot of people genuinely happy to prevail, and they misuse and even abuse privilege, no matter their obligation to examine the truth presented by the opposition.

As an American, do you think you should always be happy? Such an attitude can lead to self-focus and disengagement. Surely maintaining happiness requires hard work and dedication. The liberty we are given to pursue happiness is just that – being free within society from oppressive restrictions.

Higher-level happiness is connected to what ancient Greek philosophers called aretḗ and Romans called virtus – both meaning “virtue.” The "virtue" of anything was what made it excellent. Aristotle enshrined happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. He believer happiness is identified with “activity of the soul in accord with virtue.”

Aristotle gives us his definition of happiness:

“…the function of man is to live a certain kind of life, and this activity implies a rational principle, and the function of a good man is the good and noble performance of these, and if any action is well performed it is performed in accord with the appropriate excellence: if this is the case, then happiness turns out to be an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue.”

(Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by W. D. Ross. 350 B.C.E.)

On the other hand, very often fleeting, low-level happiness is associated with wealth and worldly success. The acquisition of such pleasure may ignore any consideration of virtue and the generous activity of the soul. For those who seek happiness in the possession of wealth and success, there is no intrinsic value in the pursuit. And there is the difference in meaning.

It may be difficult for many to accept that our citizenship does not guarantee personal happiness. But, it does not. One of the greatest paradoxes in American life is that while, on average, existence has gotten more comfortable over time, happiness has fallen. Although income inequality has risen, this has not been mirrored by inequality in the consumption of goods and services.

Average happiness is decreasing in the U.S. The General Social Survey, which has been measuring social trends among Americans every one or two years since 1972, shows a long-term, gradual decline in happiness – and rise in unhappiness – from 1988 to the present.

(Arthur C. Brooks. “Are We Trading Our Happiness for Modern Comforts?” The Atlantic. October 22, 2020.)

Studies show we are NOT becoming happy through consumerism, technology, or bureaucracy. If you expect happiness by buying it, upgrading for it, or voting for it, you will probably be disappointed.

Want some good advice to girder your pursuit of happiness? Arthur C. Brooks is a contributing writer at The Atlantic, the William Henry Bloomberg professor of the practice of public leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School, and a professor of management practice at the Harvard Business School. Here is what Brooks suggests:

A famous study followed hundreds of men who graduated from Harvard from 1939 to 1944 throughout their lives, into their 90s. The researchers wanted to know who flourished, who didn’t, and the decisions they had made that contributed to that well-being. The lead scholar on the study for many years was the Harvard psychiatrist George Vaillant, who summarized the results in his book Triumphs of Experience. Here is his summary, in its entirety: “Happiness is love. Full stop.

What this means is that anything that substitutes for close human relationships in your life is a bad trade. The study I mentioned above uses money to make this point. But the point goes much deeper. You will sacrifice happiness if you crowd out relationships with work, drugs, politics, or social media.

The world encourages us to love things and use people. But that’s backwards. Put this on your fridge and try to live by it: Love people; use things.”

(Arthur C. Brooks. “Are We Trading Our Happiness for Modern Comforts?” The Atlantic. October 22, 2020.)

 


Monday, November 29, 2021

What I Smelled In My Dreams -- Do You Have Scent Slumbers?

 

Smell!

William Carlos Williams - 1883-1963

Oh strong-ridged and deeply hollowed
nose of mine! what will you not be smelling?
What tactless asses we are, you and I, boney nose,
always indiscriminate, always unashamed,
and now it is the souring flowers of the bedraggled
poplars: a festering pulp on the wet earth
beneath them. With what deep thirst
we quicken our desires
to that rank odor of a passing springtime!
Can you not be decent? Can you not reserve your ardors
for something less unlovely? What girl will care
for us, do you think, if we continue in these ways?
Must you taste everything? Must you know everything?
Must you have a part in everything?

Something happened to me last night that has never occurred before. In a dream, I distinctly smelled a sewer. The smell was extremely strong, very distinct, and lasted just a few seconds before I suddenly woke up.

From past experience, I would describe the smell as a backup of sulfides, ammonia, methane, and other inorganic compounds. It made such a great impression on me that I immediately checked around the house to see if I could find a source for the nasty smell. None was there. Whatever I smelled must have been produced within the boundaries of my dreaming state.

The experience led me to research the occurrence of smells in dreams.

While human beings can and do dream of odor, it’s proven that only very few of them actually do. Reports claim olfactory and gustatory sensations occur in an extremely low percentage of all dream reports.

It's so infrequent that research on odors in dreams is choppy and incomplete at best.

The first study was done in 1893 when Mary Calkins, an instructor at Wellesley College analyzed dream diaries kept by two volunteers over a six-to-eight-week period. Her conclusions, then followed up in 1896, showed that odors show up in an estimated 15% of dreams.

(Mary Whiton Calkins. “Statistics of Dreams.” The American Journal of Psychology. April 1893.)

A long time would pass before anyone thought to study the subject again.

In 1956, psychiatrist Peter H. Knapp reviewed 544 dreams for his study “Sensory Impressions in Dreams” that was published in The Psychoanalytic Quarterly. Knapp found the following: 

In general, a ‘sensory dream’ was scored if it could be established that the dreamer had had the actual impression of color; of kinesthesia in himself as dreamer, judged as one judges movement in a Rorschach response; of sound, including real acoustic awareness of words but excluding the mere impression of speech; or of smell or taste, both rare, and generally obvious to patients and investigator alike.”

(Peter H. Knapp. “Sensory Impressions in Dreams.” The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 25:3 1956.)

Smell-taste dreams” according to the Knapp, “were decidedly rare. Only ten of them appeared in the entire study” He also concluded …

There is abundant evidence that smell and taste, linked to the midbrain, are deeply repressed. We may be hungry but we seldom smell the dinner until we enter the kitchen.”

In other words, smell is quite difficult to conjure up even when awake. Can you think up a smell like you can a mental image? It is difficult. Mental imagery is not the same as dreaming; in the latter case, we are aware that the images are generated internally.

Another theory is evolutionary in nature. Some researchers speculate that the purpose of dreams (which is still very debated) does not require the use of smells in those dreams. 

 

In this study published in Perceptual and Motor Skills (1998), researchers at McGill University and the University of Montreal found that approximately 33% of men and 40% of women recalled having experienced sensations of smell or taste in their dreams. A total of 3372 dream reports were collected and scored for unambiguous references to auditory, olfactory, and gustatory experiences.

Auditory experiences were reported in approximately 53% of all dream reports. Olfactory and gustatory sensations occurred in approximately 1% of all dream reports. A significantly greater percentage of women than men reported one or more dreams containing references to olfactory sensations. The results indicated that olfactory experiences are reported approximately twelve times more frequently in women's dream.

The authors conjectured that the imbalance might have occurred because women are more sensitive than men in detecting odors at subthreshold concentrations.

(Antonio L. Zadra, Tore A. Nielsen, and D.C. Donderi. “Prevalence of Auditory, Olfactory, and Gustatory Experiences In Home Dreams.” Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1998.)

I found some information about stinky smells like mine though it just seems obvious.

German researchers (Professor Boris Stuck and his team from the University Hospital Mannheim) are reported that when people smelled the scent of rotten eggs while sleeping, the nature of their dreams turned decidedly negative, while those who got a whiff of the scent of roses had more positive dreams.

"We were able to stimulate the sleeper with high concentrations of positively and negatively smelling odours and measure if the stimuli were incorporated into the dreams and changed the emotional tone of dreams," said Stuck.

(Rebecca Carroll. “Smells Influence Dreams, Study Says.” National Geographic News. September 23, 2008.)

In later research, Michael Schredl and his colleagues (2009) published in the Journal of Sleep Research that “external stimuli presented during sleep can affect dream content, thus reflecting information processing of the sleeping brain.” Olfactory stimuli should have a stronger effect on dream emotions because their processing is linked directly to the limbic system.

Schredl says ..

To summarize, it was shown that the hedonic tone (characterized by pleasure) of olfactory stimuli are processed during REM sleep and affect dream content. In extension to previous work in the field, we showed the special status of pure olfactory stimuli in this context in contrast to other sensory modalities, i.e. a minimal effect on dream content and a strong effect on dream emotions.

The minimal effect on dream content might be explained by the lack of arousals in poststimulation EEG, indicating clearly that pure olfactory stimuli are processed differently to stimuli of other sensory modalities. We hypothesized that the strong effect on dream emotions is due to the direct connectivity of the olfactory bulb (and not for other sensory modalities) to the amygdala processing emotional memory during REM sleep.

Whether olfactory stimuli are presented directly in dreams is a question which has not yet been answered; it might be speculated that declarative material which is associated with the specific odour might be found more often. Studies with presleep learning sessions in which odour cues are associated with specific cues might shed light on memory processing and consolidation during sleep. In addition, it would be interesting to study nightmare sufferers, i.e. whether positively toned olfactory stimuli yield a significant shift in the emotional tone of nightmares.”

(Michael Schredl et al. “Information processing during sleep: the effect of olfactory stimuli on dream content and dream emotions.” Journal of Sleep Research. August 11, 2009.)


Conclusions

Research (2004) warns: “Phenomenological evidence for olfactory sensation in the absence of appropriate stimulation – imagery – is inconclusive and draws most support from reports of olfactory hallucinations.”

Therefore …

What am I supposed to think about the gagging sewer smell in my dream? Well, for one thing, there is still the question about whether self-reports like mine are trustworthy, and even more questions about how I could define a smell experience in a dream that is most likely not generated by external stimuli. It felt as if I had smelled the odor … I do know that my nose was on fire with it in my dream state.

If, then, I did really “smell” in my dream, just how and why and what exactly it was are very debatable. Let's say I am one of the male dream-sniffing minority. The stinky dream did clearly affect my emotions – I woke up and looked for the origin of the smell. However, I have absolutely no recollection of smelling something like a rotten egg or decomposing waste before the dream. That doesn't mean a whole lot to me because dreams are so unpredictable and capable of combining elements of the memory from long ago.

Dreams are confusing. But, have you ever considered just how difficult it is to accurately describe a smell? Even the expert super smellers like perfumers who possess hyperosmia, a heightened smell function, are extremely rare.

So, even talking about smells can feel a little like talking about dreams – tedious and vague and potentially inaccurate. Although human and constantly at hand, smell defies our expressive capacities in a way that other senses don’t. In our clumsy efforts at the ineffable, we lack the language of expression. 

Harold McGee wrote a nearly seven-hundred-page new book, Nose Dive: A Field Guide to the World’s Smells (2020 Penguin Press), the result of a ten-year quest to name and categorize every noticeable fragrance on earth.

To close this blog entry, allow me to share New Yorker review of McGee's book that contains information about a common smell to illustrate the points that smells are complex and often misunderstood …

Ever wonder why sweaty armpits stink? And, in the worst cases, why they stink of shallots in particular? McGee reports that the apocrine sweat glands, which kick into high gear during adolescence, do their best to hide the evidence of their own microbiomal bouquet. Sugars and amino acids bind to volatile, potentially rank molecules, thereby preventing the release of any foul smell. But when bacterial interlopers, such as bacillus and staphylococcus, break these bonds and “liberate” compounds like hydroxymethyl-hexanoic acid, then the full power of B.O. is unleashed: “rancid, animal, cumin-like.”

McGee’s tangled web of fragrance families starts to reveal fascinating relationships. By charting the genealogy of the piquant invaders of teen-age underarms, he discovers that they are the 'very same molecules that scent goat and sheep meats, milks, cheeses, and wools.'

This is no accident. Traditional cheese-makers cultivated their curds with a 'sweat-like brine' for weeks. Once humans realized they could mimic their own bodily ripeness in their food, they simply couldn’t help themselves. 'The smells of the human body may be socially embarrassing,' McGee writes, 'but for children, and privately for adults, they’re often irresistible.'

The cozy relationships between natural secretions and savory foods, or accidental emissions and eros, are well known to anyone who has nuzzled the dirty scalp of a loved one, but McGee lays out the molecular evidence for these desires. We might like to think we are most drawn to lovely, “clean” smells – laundry, linden blossoms, a eucalyptus breeze – but more often than not our greatest sensory delight comes from our most intimate, and most odiferous, nooks and crannies.

(Rachel Syme. “How to Make Sense of Scents: Can language ever capture the mysterious world of smells?” The New Yorker. January 25, 2021.)


Sweat

 Sandra Alcosser 1944-
Friday night I entered a dark corridor
rode to the upper floors with men who filled
the stainless elevator with their smell.

Did you ever make a crystal garden, pour salt
into water, keep pouring until nothing more dissolved?
A landscape will bloom in that saturation.

My daddy's body shop floats to the surface
like a submarine. Men with nibblers and tin snips
buffing skins, sanding curves under clamp lights. 
I grew up curled in the window of a 300 SL
Gullwing, while men glided on their backs
through oily rainbows below me.

They torqued lugnuts, flipped fag ends
into gravel. Our torch song
had one refrain--oh the pain of loving you.

Friday nights they'd line the shop sink, naked
to the waist, scour down with Ajax, spray water
across their necks and up into their armpits.

Babies have been conceived on sweat alone--
the buttery scent of a woman's breast,
the cumin of a man. From the briny odor

of black lunch boxes--cold cuts, pickles,
waxed paper--my girl flesh grows.
From the raunchy fume of strangers.


Sunday, November 28, 2021

What Is "Time"? Human Construct Or Unsolvable Riddle?

 

This thing all things devours;
Birds, beasts, trees, flowers;
Gnaws iron, bites steel;
Grinds hard stones to meal;
Slays king, ruins town,
And beats mountain down.

Bilbo Baggins and Gollum, while struggling for dominance against one another, entered into an exchange of riddles in Gollum's cave, as recounted in the fifth chapter of The Hobbit. The answer to this one is “time.” The riddle underscores a particular distinction about what we consider as the continued progress of existence – that is, time may stiill best be defined in a question intentionally phrased to require ingenuity.

Time alludes any simple definition; however, people do try to make time seem like a concept with an distinct meaning – either a simple one or one so complicated literally no one can understand it.

For example, on the simple side, in 1919 within a story titled “The Girl in the Golden Atom,” Ray Cummings used this humorous but thought-provoking definition …

How would you describe time?”

The Big Business Man smiled. “Time,” he said, “is what keeps everything from happening at once.”

“Very clever,” said the Chemist, laughing.

Don't laugh too hard until you think about this idea. You may wish to come back to this oversimplified explanation after you read this blog entry because if you want to get your feet wet in the great pool of trying to understand time, you should be prepared to bend your perceptions. “This stuff is hard” as I have heard many a high school student say about nearly anything requiring operations of the cerebrum.

Time appears to be more puzzling than space because it seems to flow or pass or else people seem to advance through it. But the passage or advance seems to be unintelligible. But do we actually experience the flow of time?

Theorizing is motivated by our subjective experience of the forward flow of time. That means our reliance on what we think we experience as the flow of time goes so deep that some philosophers take it for a self-evident axiom. And, if the flow of time is inherent to experience, then is “timeless experience” an oxymoron? If the past and the future are not actually experienced in the past and future, how can there be an experiential flow of time? Where is experiential time flowing from and into? The problem is that we then construe from this, that there is an experiential flow of time.

It's getting deep, isn't it? Are you ready for an explanation about the actual flow of time that requires experience? Here you go …

Such a conclusion is as unjustifiable as to construe, purely from seeing the mountains ahead and the valley behind while you sit by the roadside, that you are moving on the road. You aren’t; you are simply taking account of your relative position on it. You have no more experiential reason to believe that time flows than that space flows while you sit quietly by the roadside.

You may claim that, whereas the desert road scenario is static, lacking action, you actually did brush your teeth earlier. So time definitely flowed from then to now; or did it?

All you have supporting belief that it did is your memory of having brushed your teeth, which you experience now. All you ever have is the present experiential snapshot. Even the notion of a previous or subsequent snapshot is—insofar as you can know from experience—merely a memory or expectation within the present snapshot. The flow from snapshot to snapshot is a story you tell yourself, irresistibly compelling as it may be. Neuroscience itself suggests that this flow is indeed a cognitive construct …

The ostensible experience of temporal flow is thus an illusion. All we ever actually experience is the present snapshot, which entails a timescape of memories and imaginings analogous to the landscape of valley and mountains. Everything else is a story.”

(Bernardo Kastrup. “Do We Actually Experience the Flow of Time?” Scientific American. 
November 14, 2018.)

If you have my limited range of understanding, right about now you are questioning whether you even really exist. Or have you considered the problem of solipsism? Solipsism technically, is an extreme form of skepticism, at once utterly nuts and irrefutable. It holds that you are the only conscious being in existence. The cosmos sprang into existence when you became able to perceive things, and it will vanish when you die. As crazy as this proposition seems, it rests on a brute fact: each of us is sealed in an impermeable prison cell of subjective awareness.

But that's a problem for another blog entry. Let's get on with the definition of time. Exploring the thoughts of philosophers and religion could help.

In Britannica, Physicist and Astronomer William Markowitz tells us the human experience and observation of time has been variously interpreted. Parmenides, an Eleatic philosopher (6th–5th century bce) and Zeno, his fellow townsman and disciple, held that change is logically inconceivable and that logic is a surer indicator of reality than experience; thus, despite appearances, reality is unitary and motionless. In this view, time is an illusion.

The “illusoriness” of the world that “flows” in time is also to be found in some Indian philosophy. The Buddha and, among the Greeks, Plato and Plotinus – all held that life in the time flow, though not wholly illusory, is at best a low-grade condition by comparison, respectively, with the Buddhist nirvana (in which desires are extinguished) and with the Platonic realm of forms – i.e., of incorporeal timeless exemplars, of which phenomena in the time flow are imperfect and ephemeral copies.

(William Markowitz. “Time: physics.” Britannica. 2021.)

Are you confused yet? I am. And, we have some pretty good company in our state of bewilderment – one of the greatest mathematicians, physicists, and most influential scientists of all time, a key figure in the Enlightenment – Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727).

In Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687) Newton famously declared “I do not define time.” Unlike relative time, Sir Isaac Newton believed absolute time was imperceptible and could only be understood mathematically. According to Newton, humans are only capable of perceiving relative time, which is a measurement of perceivable objects in motion (like the Moon or Sun). From these movements, we infer the passage of time.

In fact, it has become increasingly clear that when we speak of time in physics, what we really mean is a measurement read from a clock. So, what exactly constitutes a clock in physics?

OK, a lot of knowledge has come through the years since Newton considered the enigma of time. So, science should help us determine the true meaning of time. Right?

Physics is the only science that explicitly studies time, but even physicists agree that time is one of the most difficult properties of our universe to understand. In the most modern and complex physical models, though, time is usually considered to be an ontologically “basic” or primary concept, and not made up of, or dependent on, anything else.

Physics equations work equally well whether time is moving forward into the future (positive time) or backward into the past (negative time.) However, time in the natural world has one direction, called the arrow of time. The question of why time is irreversible is one of the biggest unresolved questions in science.

Much of this is based on Einstein's theory of relativity. In the Special Theory of Relativity, Einstein determined that time is relative—in other words, the rate at which time passes depends on your frame of reference. Yet, he once said:

People like us who believe in physics know that the distinction between past, present and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion. Time, in other words, is an illusion. Many physicists since have shared this view, that true reality is timeless.”

(Ira Flatow. “Resetting the Theory of Time.” NPR. May 17, 2013.)

Damn, Einstein didn't even know the answer. I discovered that many physicists since have shared this view, that true reality is timeless.

One explanation involving physics is that the natural world follows the laws of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that within a closed system, the entropy of the system remains constant or increases. If the universe is considered to be a closed system, its entropy (degree of disorder) can never decrease. In other words, the universe cannot return to exactly the same state in which it was at an earlier point. Time cannot move backward.

So, can we be certain that this thing called time exists? Is there any way to test that? And if time is real, what does that say about our past and future?

It appears that the laws of nature – as we know them now – are not eternal truths. Consider that new information on black holes and neutron stars has recently emerged to challenge these so-called “truths.” So, many speculations, theories, and prediction are currently holding up, but they could be falsified at any moment, which is good because that means real science is at work

Things” change and evolve. So does our understanding about time.

In his book Time Reborn: From the Crisis in Physics to the Future of the Universe, theoretical physicist Lee Smolin says …

Well, what I mean when I say that time is real is that everything which is real and everything which is true is real or true in a moment, which is one of a succession of moments. That's what we experience, Ira. And the question is: Is that the structure of nature? Does nature exist in a series of moments, one after the other? Is that what's really real about the world? Or is that, as Einstein said, an illusion, and there is some timeless picture which is the truer picture?

“ … Certainly the laws of nature, even if they're changing, change only occasionally or change very slowly. So within limited regions of space and time, which are quite enough for everything we'd want to do on Earth, as well as a lot of astronomy and astrophysics, we can use the laws of nature to predict the future.

But I don't believe we could use the laws of nature to predict the future arbitrarily or infinitely far in the future. And I also am playing with ideas, these are also unproven ideas, that may be in quantum mechanical systems where the future is uncertain anyway. We could set up a system in the laboratory to develop new rules, new laws.”

(Ira Flatow. “Resetting the Theory of Time.” NPR. May 17, 2013.)

Therefore, many scientists are urging us to question the very laws of nature that we know as indisputable facts. It seems that change is the only inevitability. And, who knows what change will bring? “Truth” in its different domains – in mathematics, in ethics, in religion, in philosophy – is a slippery concept, seemingly always evolving … you guessed it … evolving “in time.”

Do you need some heavy duty research to back up that our concepts of time may be totally wrong? Then, you're going to love this study because it uses the simple, everyday analogy of brushing your teeth.

A team of physicists at the Universities of Bristol, Vienna, the Balearic Islands and the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI-Vienna) has shown how quantum systems can simultaneously evolve along two opposite time arrows – both forward and backward in time.

The study necessitates a rethink of how the flow of time is understood and represented in contexts where quantum laws play a crucial role.Dr. Giulia Rubino from the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs (QET labs) and lead-author of the publication, said:

"If a phenomenon produces a large amount of entropy, observing its time-reversal is so improbable as to become essentially impossible. However, when the entropy produced is small enough, there is a non-negligible probability of seeing the time-reversal of a phenomenon occur naturally.

"We can take the sequence of things we do in our morning routine as an example. If we were shown our toothpaste moving from the toothbrush back into its tube, we would be in no doubt it was a rewinded recording of our day. However, if we squeezed the tube gently so only a small part of the toothpaste came out, it would not be so unlikely to observe it re-entering the tube, sucked in by the tube's decompression …

"Extending this principle to time's arrows, it results that quantum systems evolving in one or the other temporal direction (the toothpaste coming out of or going back into the tube), can also find themselves evolving simultaneously along both temporal directions.

"Although this idea seems rather nonsensical when applied to our day-to-day experience, at its most fundamental level, the laws of the universe are based on quantum-mechanical principles. This begs the question of why we never encounter these superpositions of time flows in nature," said Dr. Rubino.

(Rubino, G., Manzano, G. & Brukner, ÄŒ. Quantum superposition of thermodynamic evolutions with opposing time’s arrows. Commun Phys 4, 251. 2021).

To the layman, this suggests that time can move forward and backward in temporal directions at the same time. If true, the study shows “we need to rethink the way we represent this quantity in all those contexts where quantum laws play a crucial role."

Tell that to ancient Persian poet Omar Khayyam’s whose musings on the visceral difference between what has gone and what is yet to come represent some of my favorite lines:

The moving finger writes; and having writ, moves on: Nor all thy piety nor wit shall lure it back to cancel half a line, nor all thy tears wash out a word of it.”

    Omar Khayyam

I'm pretty sure this entry gives you clarity about the definition of time. Yeah, I guess. I hope you believe me – my research into the subject was well-intentioned … but, admittedly its lacking for any concrete meaning. What is time? Let me summarize for your easy digestion:

1. Your concept of time depends upon your own experience.

2. The illusion of time is indefinable … at least right now.

3. The laws of nature probably don't apply to time, and

4. What is “real” and “true” depends upon your questionable reality of existence.

Class dismissed. Spend your indefinable, highly questionable time wisely. Remember, boys and girls: “Lost time is never found again” and “Time is money.” Well, unless you live in a universe that recognizes the existence of two directions of time at once.

From To Think of Time

Walt Whitman - 1819-1892

 

To think of time—of all that retrospection!

To think of today, and the ages continued henceforward!

Have you guess'd you yourself would not continue?

Have you dreaded these earth-beetles?

Have you fear'd the future would be nothing to you?

Is today nothing? Is the beginningless past nothing?

If the future is nothing, they are just as surely nothing.

To think that the sun rose in the east! that men and women

   were flexible, real, alive! that everything was alive!

To think that you and I did not see, feel, think, nor bear our

   part!

To think that we are now here, and bear our part!


Saturday, November 27, 2021

Pat Crabtree, The Man From Crowe Hollow -- Storyteller And So Much More

 

Thankfully retired state park resort manager/ranger. I enjoy doing as little as possible and my partying days are over. Call someone else."

Interests: reading, classical music, cooking, current events, Russian history, birdwatching, and writing book and film reviews."

Quotes: “You moved the pot before the coffee stopped brewing.” “Do you smell the mountains or the burro?” And … “How did Shelob's stinger penetrate Frodo's chest when he was wearing mithril?”

Profile of Patrick Crabtree, The Ospidillo News

During his last days, Pat Crabtree would often call me and ask if I wanted to eat lunch. By then, his body was racked by cancer, and he was dealing with the constant need for oxygen and pain killers. I'd say “sure, love to” and ask Pat what his appetite was telling me to pick up on the way to his home on McDermott Pike.

We both knew our afternoon was going to be a great pleasure – although one that may be periodically interrupted by Pat taking a short snooze or diligently recording his constant regimen of medications in one of many thick notebooks he kept beside him.

Pat's entire base of operations – including bed, tv, and several large tanks of oxygen – was now located in his small front room. He spent most of time there. He didn't drive or venture too far outside any more. His best friend, Dennis Fraley, helped Pat so much – Dennis often drove over to Pat's and spent large segments of time there to assist Pat with anything he needed done.

Pat and I enjoyed eating together, but there was so much more. We talked … and talked. I knew Pat needed some companionship when he called. Dennis had things he had to do. But, this was as much my treat as Pat's. The food was secondary. The fellowship was the primary reason both of us had a great time.

Simply put, we reminisced and related information. We knew we had to do this. Something was vital for both of us to understand about our stories. I don't think either one of us knew why, but we both knew the territory – we were getting older, and, despite my deep regret, my friend knew he was dying and was actively accepting that reality. You may expect times like this to be bittersweet. You are wrong.

As Pat spun tale after tale from his great memory, the day seemed to pass like a minute. He was a master storyteller whose stories featured comprehensive exposition, so when Pat held court, he did so like no other master raconteur I have ever known. He used a Twain-like satire and humorous local color to describe the antics of a cast of Appalachian characters from Southern Ohio.

My Friend, Patrick W. Crabtree

At this point in the blog entry, you must remember having reminisces from the old days occupies much of a geezer's time. Being one of those so-called “old men” at age 70, I often struggle with memory, which by the way, was never a great asset to me. Anyhow, I wish I could spark my brain and ignite technicolor recollections – memories with rich detail and vivid interpretation – like a now-deceased friend of mine named Pat Crabtree.

I loved to visit Pat and strike up conversations about our bygone days. He was a super-intelligent person, well-read, with an incredible storage of evocative memories. Pat was the rare person with the extraordinary abilities to both retain and later retrieve specific information from his past.

Pat and I would sit for hours sharing memories of our past. Both of us graduated from Valley High School and lived near Lucasville, Ohio, so we were intimate with the same environment and characters in the tales. But, Pat, unlike me – the old guy with the failing recall – was a master storyteller who remembered not only the person from '67, but what car he drove, plus the color of the machine, the size of its engine, and any other accessories and details that made a particular story so realistic that I felt as if I was reliving the past.

Even the frequent digressions Pat made led to asides with amazing expository detail. Sometimes the ramblings were even better than the intended direction of the conversations. And, the great thing was that Pat did not deal in bullshit like some old fibbers who would give you that sideways glance periodically to see if you were buying their whoppers. Pat told his anecdotes from true memories with realistic particulars, not fanciful adornment for melodramatic effect.

Since Pat passed away a few years ago, I have learned such total recall is known by neurobiologists as hyperthymesia, or highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM). HSAM is a condition that leads people to be able to remember an abnormally large number of their life experiences in vivid detail. It is extraordinarily rare, with only about 60 people in the world having been diagnosed with the condition as of 2021.

Pat certainly had hyper recall. He never used it to impress others, but he did not limit the display of his amazing ability to telling stories. He was a dedicated, skilled writer of nonfiction and fiction. Having a faithful imagination, Pat wrote with the same detail he employed to spin an oral memory. 

 
 Pat -- Ranger Days.

Don't be mislead and think Pat was just some old guy who happened to have great recall – he was a well-read country boy, a park ranger with a fantastic love of nature who later became Manager of Shawnee State Park. He was also a refined writer who employed his eloquence in a simple, yet deep and understanding tone. Some may meet him and too quickly dismiss the man as a walking contradiction. Instead, Pat was the real deal … a straight-shooter who used his own experiences and extensive self-education to navigate the world.

Did I mention Pat also wrote food reviews and even a monster fantasy novel that paralleled the work of Tolkien's Lord of the Rings (complete with maps featuring fictional settings used in the volume)? He worked on this volume for many years, and I am not sure if he ever edited and finished the work before he left this world on July 10, 2018.

Oh yeah. I should relate that Pat's favorite read was War and Peace, the thick literary classic by Leo Tolstoy. He told me that he reread it nearly every year and wrote an article once in his blog discussing which translations were best to read (out of 12 or more he reviewed).

Here is an excerpt from that entry:

War and Peace in an Abridged Translation by Princess Alexandria Kropotkin -- (ABRIDGED) The Princess Alexandra Kropotkin translation (1949, 742 pages) reads very smoothly but some very key moments of Tolstoy's magic have been egregiously redacted.

The only application I can think of for this abridgement might be as a gift for a bookish high school student (say ages 14-17) who might become bored with Tolstoy's "Necessity versus Freewill” mantra, (as well as other entries where Tolstoy speaks directly to the reader.) This one is illustrated by J. Franklin Whitman and each transition is set up with a paragraph (by Kropotkin) which provides an historical perspective for the upcoming text. Princess Kropotkin was born in England but her father was a Russian anarchist, the remarkable Prince Peter Kropotkin.”

The Blog And Facebook Page

Pat's Blog was titled The Ospidillo News: “A cyber-hole to discuss current events, culinary interests, film, pets, classical music, art, and history.” The title reference to “'possum” is pure Pat Crabtree – ornery and down-home (often tongue-in-cheek).

Find the blog here: https://ospidillo-blog.blogspot.com/

Pat said: “The study and protection of the extremely rare and endangered Appalachian Mountain Ospidillo is more important than politics, religion, war, the Pope, or anything else that you can name.”

On February 22, 2011, Pat wrote “What You Can Find Here” (on the blog) …

  1. I cook from scratch pretty much every day. So if you want some recipes to die for (or which will eventually kill you, chiefly from fat content), then you've found the right place. I'm also a huge researcher and experimenter so you'll also encounter secret recipes that are genuine, (such as Cincinnati Chili.) Finally, I specialize in outdoor gourmet cooking which might be quite helpful to campers.

    2. My political commentaries are pretty radical, roughly based in Anarchy: – "No government is good government." If you share my belief that all politicians, regardless of political affiliation, are rapscallions and scoundrels and they thus deserve no mercy whatever, then you'll probably enjoy my often ranting diatribes.

    3. As a retiree, other than cooking and dishwashing [no so good at that latter item], I pretty much only do two things: read and listen to classical music. I've read every English translation of
    War and Peace. (There are 12 in all and I've read some editions twice.)

    I've read every classic work of literature [except for Shakespeare -- don't care much for him] that I could get my hands on over the years and, consequently, I seem to be running out of books to read... I think. So I write tons of book and classical music reviews over on Amazon.com.

    If you're a student who would rather party than study then feel free to lift and plagiarize those numerous well – written reviews – they're under my real name, Patrick W. Crabtree and accessible from my profile. But be warned that other slackers in your class might be doing the same. Luckily there are still hundreds of symphonies, sonatas, concertos, ballets, and so on which I have yet to hear but most of these are pretty obscure. My point is that I now consider myself a bit of a self-appointed authority on these two topics, especially on the literature end, and I'm willing to field questions.

At this point, I must also relate that Pat was a great rascal – a genuine rapscallion – a mischievous jokester who wore no high-hat. His intelligence shines through descriptions of adventures. He grew up on rural Crowe Hollow on the west side of Scioto County with a colorful crew of neighbors and friends, salt-of-the-earth folks. Pat knew the lay of the land and the cut of the inhabitants. At the time of his death, he was working on a history of the hollow.

Here is a little piece of a writing about Crowe Hollow by Pat Crabtree …

A worn damask-colored, paisley, overstuffed chair masked the centerpiece of the living room accouterments. I think I have seen one in every home in Crowe and Ghost hollows over the years. Other living room items ran the list from a once-elegant wrought iron lamp with a stained glass lampshade, to a decoupaged couch of the most garish snot hues. (Prior to the days of vocational schools, every local rural school offered wood shop classes. I was amazed how enduring their teen projects were produced exactly the same, from a commonly circulated drawing, year after year by their proud adolescent creators.)

One such project was an end table-bookstand, very utilitarian and fairly attractive. I have seen tens of these small tables, each reflecting something of the former student's personality, particularly his patience. In many instances this project would reflect the single positive act of its producer in his lifetime. Can you imagine the pride of the parent of the otherwise contumacious student who presented this artifact of actual skill and diligence to his sirelings! These end tables became a permanent aspect of the home furniture for the lifetime of the parents. If they endured the endless forbearance of beer cans and sometimes being used as a deadly weapon in domestic uprisings, perhaps via a voiding of brain function by a well-swung end table. They often ended up in yard sales once the parents were gone.

Most of the shop class furniture pieces were crafted from pine of spruce as that was what the student could afford. Hardwoods such as maple or cherry cost triple that of softer woods. After a few years, chips began to emerge on the softwood tables if they survived at all. Chipped furniture was just fine with Dogie. After all, when you fitted a house with furniture for the convenience of the renter, chipped or not, it was certainly worth $10.00 a month extra … from Oogie's view.

Bottle gas ranges were the standard because propane was the only energy source that could be stolen using a pickup truck. The gas tanks could be wrestled into a truck bed by two inebriated, lard-assed men. When the tanks ran empty, it was simply a matter of stopping on a bridge which crossed the nearest river and giving them a burial at sea. This was usually achieved while on the way to lift two more. Propane tanks should be declared the official state artifact by the Mississippi Legislature.

Sometimes, foolish people attempt to retain their precious propane tanks by means of locking them to the hitch of their lousy house trailer hitch with a chain. However, every self-respecting hillbilly thug will always carry two items of frequent use in his vehicle: a 5-gallon gas can with 8 feet of garden hose, and a huge set of bolt cutters. No lock or chain could withstand the latter.

Foldout couches manifest a great bonus to the hillbilly renters. Four or more snot-nosed brats can sleep on each one, and given adequate belt instruction, the sucklings can be taught to set it up by themselves. Usually, two such couches are enough to cover the need. An extra rug rat can always be squeezed in. The only incongruity occurs when the patron has his pals over for poker and beer (basically every night), and they occupy the living room until 3 A.M. despite the fact the whining brats have school the next day. The kids sleep where they can find a spot, usually sprawled across one another on the couches yet to be unfolded into beds, taking full advantage of dog pillows.

When the dogs fart, as they always do on a diet of road kill and table scraps, the game often gets cut shy … maybe calling an end to it a midnight, depending on the stench level. And, I haven't even accounted for the methane produced by the sportsmen themselves … beer, boiled eggs, hot sausages, dill pickles.

Whooops! Forgot to mention that munching prescription drugs generates a digestive gas that would make Zyclon 3 run away and squeak.

The bedroooms were reserved for the adults, when possible, at these rental shacks. They were always dark typically featuring one light bulb, hanging unshaded from the ceiling with a string pull switch and no junction box or safety shielding. Globs of black cloth tape dominated these terminals. The beds were always the thin metal army cots only with the extended higher footboards and headboards that brought to mind the bars of a jail. They were light, easy to find and assemble, and cheap.

The only thing that determined whether a television was present hinged upon the means of reception. There was no cable nor where there satellite dishes in those days. Rabbit ears, even topped with throw-away aluminum pie pan, (an old trick), was ineffective outside of town, so it was up to the landlord to provide an antennae, usually a “Lazy X” model, designed for use with black and white televisions. You could always find a decent one at the Portsmouth city dump down on Argonne Road as the folk switched over to color TVs which demanded that they become slaves to a lifetime of cable bills. I don't know anyone who ever bought a new “Lazy X” antenna. They must last forever.

In Crowe Hollow, the Lazy X would clearly capture the signals of two TV channels, 3 and 13 … on a good day, usually during a steady drizzle, some luck folks also got channels 10 and 8, Columbus and Charleston, respectively.”

Here's part of an entry in the News about our grade school – Valley Elementary …

What really got to you were the aromas of the food being prepared down in the basement cafeteria during the morning recess – the vent fans pushed all these delectable smells right out into the swing-set area and when it was time for lunch we were all plenty hungry. The smell of all this food was certainly enough to distract a boy from trying to look up the girls' dresses on the big slide!

Going down the steps into the cafeteria, it reminded one of a dungeon and the walls where we all put our hands as we anxiously awaited being served on our trays must have harbored a cesspool of nasty bacteria.

What was the best meal? Footers with sauce! Those footers were incredibly good, or at least they seemed like it back then. We were initially only allowed to get one footer apiece but the school officials later relaxed that rule and the older kids were permitted to buy an extra one for a quarter.

Some of the kids who could not afford lunch worked in the kitchen for their food [dishwashing and serving] and those guys always got two footers – they certainly earned it. One always remembered to grab an extra quarter from mom on footer day.

You could buy as many milks [pint cartons] as you wanted for a nickel each. But everybody generally got the same food in those days as there were no choices – you simply ate whatever they spooned on to your plate. I distinctly recall some of the boys who didn't have a lot of food at home bumming any extra food on your tray. Those of us who were lucky enough to have plenty of food at home never thought twice about this practice, and I was always willing to give up my lima beans [Yuk!!!] as well as the inevitable bread with butter slices that they gave us every day …

Down below in the older students' playground, the only recreational equipment I can remember were the two sets of monkey bars, made from steel pipe and sure to break your arm given the slightest misstep. In fact, I recall actually seeing one girl break her arm there but I can't remember who it was – Joe Bill McKinley's ambulance, which drove down to take her to the hospital, was also a hearse.

But the big thing was marbles. Marbles were mostly played under the huge old Sugar Maple trees [or they might have been Norway maples] on the smooth and sandy soil. Resultant of years of use, the roots were highly exposed which made for great marble playing – it was very tricky to win. In the end, two percent of the boys won ninety-eight percent of the marbles – again, the winners were always the boys from The Bottoms.

Bill "Dinky" Dalton was a genuine predator on the marble front. He must have eventually ended up with 55-gallon drums of marbles at home because he certainly got all of mine! Most people have forgotton that the School actually sponsored a Marble-playing Tournament, conducted during school hours.

At the Annual Awards ceremony near the end of the school year a trophy was actually awarded to the school marble champion. I remember being just a bit put-out when I snagged my trophy for being the school spelling champion in the 4th Grade and the marble championship trophy was twice as big as mine! Well, when I think back on it now, I'm glad it was this way because the guys who won the marble championship probably didn't secure much Kudos for anything else that they ever did.

                                                      Pat and Brother Mike

And, here is a small segment of an Ospidillo News post from November 13, 2016 titled “The Summer of Love – Halcyon Daze” which included this parenthetical instruction to the reader – “Note: a few names have been changed herein, not too many, to protect mostly the guilty.”

As far as school went, Larry Eugene was a poster example of a guy who viewed it as punishment and a great impediment to living free. He was a good student in that he could read, write, and was good at math. He had picked this up in spite of the teachers. But Larry didn't give a pile of guano for history, geography, government, languages... social sciences in general. He was okay with some science but most guys weren't plus they weren't as smart as Larry Eugene. He excelled in mechanical drawing and that's when I thought that he had finally found his niche. His drawings were always better than mine, always professional-looking and accurate. Unfortunately, that class came at a bad time. About halfway through that year, Larry turned sixteen.

“Three wonderful things happened when you hit sixteen: you no longer needed a work permit to commence employment; you were eligible for a driver's license, and; you were allowed to quit school.

Everybody whose parents would allow this quit school at sixteen... paroled! Larry fudged it quite a bit because for the preceding month or so he'd been playing truant three days out of five. Yes, he was awarded a string of Fs for all those tests that he missed but he didn't give a shit and why should he? He wasn't going to graduate anyway so failing one class or all classes was as inconsequential as a fart in a cheese factory.

Sandy Phillips was the county truant officer and not one of us had ever seen that old son-of-a-bitch in our lives. We only knew he existed because his name was listed along with the other school officials on the back of our report cards. In fact, there were lots of names listed on there that no one ever saw, a fact which speaks for itself. At the end of the day, no one was deterred from truancy out of fear of a prospective appearance by Sandy Phillips.

“Life was better back then, which is another reason guys quit school. Back then, no car insurance was required so you could go buy a car that ran well for fifty bucks and drive wherever you wanted. If it broke down, you could get under the hood and repair it yourself. Parts were cheap and gasoline was 35 cents a gallon for Hi-test, 100 octane.

No one was required to participate in silly-assed driver education classes. Hell, by the time we were thirteen we were racing cars at an overgrown oval track over in the Lucasville bottoms and at a similar abandoned raceway near McDermott.

"Pretty much every one of us had started driving big Farmall and Massey-Harris tractors to pull the hay and tobacco wagons when we were six or seven. We could drive rings around the other kids who, at sixteen, were just learning where the gear positions were on a standard-shift.

“Bobby Ray Milford's dad, Rory, owned a big junkyard down in Lucasville and lots of those cars ran just fine, perhaps with a missing fender or short a muffler or a windshield. We had some epic races down there and Mr. Milford didn't give a flyin' pig's pecker if you had a wreck... which we did a couple times. Rory Milford was a damn good man, totally honest, hard-working and definitely a God-fearing Pentecostal Apostolic devotee, and he also believed in the Appalachian rite of passage, the same as my own dad... but he fed us additional rope and somehow we survived.

“Bobby Ray saw no limits to his kind father's benevolence and he wanted things that he could never have because he was a quitter. He quit track, he quit football, he quit the church, (after about a week of preaching hell-fire to the rest of us)... he even quit the Air Force.

It wasn't enough for Bobby Ray just to join the military and possibly make a decent career of it. He always went for the highest standard so nothing less than an Airborne unit would do. This alone likely sealed his doom. Soon after he had come back home once and shown off his red beret and braids he went AWOL from Ft. Hood Texas.

Appearances were everything to Bobby Ray but it was all superficial. He brought along a pal to dominate, Burl something, also AWOL. The Provost Marshall soon captured them. After serving a term in the brig they went AWOL for a second time and only the Lord knows what they got into for certain but when Bobby Ray appeared in Crowe Hollow at Oogie Delay's house, his eyes were blacked and he was pretty seriously battered all around -- Burl looked equally ragged.

Bobby Ray's story was that they had been kidnapped in Piketon, Ohio by drug dealers, tied up, and beaten before they could slip their bindings and escape. I think he wanted to try that story out on the rest of us to see if it might fly with the Provost Marshall because he and Burl were getting ready to turn themselves in. They had run out of money and places to alight.

“Of course it was all an outrageous lie. I laughed at him and he got very angry and stormed out. My best guess is that they ran their mouths in a bar and a band of Good 'Ol Boys stomped both their asses. Bobby Ray would have seen this as an opportunity to render the consequences to lemonade. Burl added not a word to the story so I knew it wasn't true, along with the fact that Bobby Ray was always coming up with some melodramatic adventure that had supposedly happened to him. He was sort of a malicious Don Quixote.

The Vietnam War was pretty hot just then and I thought they might be in serious trouble this time, desertion during wartime and all that. But Bobby Ray was soon back among us in civilian attire. I doubt that his DD 214 would have been designated as 'honorable..'

“Anyway, I said all that to say this. There were several Bobby Ray Milfords around Lucasville during the days of the Sugar Shack and sometimes they came by to drink a beer with us. Some were young while others were older but their commonality was they were never successful – the sort of guys who, if they had ever pursued anything worthwhile, they soon tired of the routine of a mundane working life and so they sought other alternatives. Even the guys who worked did so mostly here-and-there, for cash under the table, never paying into Social Security or, God forbid, income tax.

One such person was Larry Harding who was a youthful happy-go-lucky friend of mine but I didn't really know much about him. Larry had arrived down here from Columbus with his mother and step-father and he had South Parsons Avenue written all over him. He was extremely handsome, tall and muscular, blonde-haired and blue-eyed, and he dressed like a city thug, open striped shirt, white jeans, chain wallet, and pointy black zipper shoes... and the obligatory heel taps.

Anyone who wore heel taps around here was trouble – it was the city greaser's hallmark. He owned no car and seemed perfectly delighted to hitch-hike wherever he went. I had never hitch-hiked in my life, but one afternoon Larry showed up at the Sugar Shack and suggested that we go to Lucasville, "...to see what's goin' on." Seein' what was goin' on was a common lifestyle around Lucasville – it still is.

Since there was no business and Junebug was giving my new friend The Evil Eye it seemed a superior idea to hanging around, and as soon as we stuck out our thumbs we caught a ride. I was pretty enthused that one could get around like this but Larry clearly took it all for granted. The guy dropped us off in Lucasville and I suggested that we go to the drive-in restaurant at the north end of town. I had seventy-five cents burning in my pocket.

“I can't recall which restaurant we patronized, there were two. I think at the time they were The Maple and The Lucas restaurants. In any case, the three quarters covered two orders of french fries and two small Cokes. We bided our time and lounged in the booth, as the jukebox blared and while we stared at the waitress's ass and Larry flirted with her, just as if we owned the place.

Larry simply could not get over the fact that I bought his lunch, albeit a very meager one by my estimation. It became obvious to me, in retrospect, that no one had ever given Larry much of anything during his lifetime. After that, he brought it up everywhere we went, slapping me on the back, yielding that big toothy grin as he did so.

Larry was three or four years my senior and he treated me so much as an equal that I really latched on to him. I thought he was a really superb fellow. Unfortunately not everyone was as amenable toward him as I was. His mode of dress, his dialect and form of speech, and his body language were the very sorts of characteristics that gave swift rise to Alpha male challenges, both from the local guys as well as from those who were just like him. And there was a great deal more to Larry than I had come to imagine.

“The euphoric joy of The Summer of Love terminated abruptly on a Saturday night in mid-August at The Sugar Shack II, an establishment which was soon to become lost to local history and folklore. In fact, it was about the worst twenty-four hours that I ever experienced, emotionally-speaking.”

Pat's companion to the Ospidillo News was the “Appalachian Mountain Ospidillo Society Facebook Page.” Here is a “test” Pat included on the page in 2015 …

Do you like tests? Most people like tests on Facebook because they make people with just a so-so brain believe that they are a genius.

Well MY test for you – it’s a test of hillbilly words so if you get them all correct, you might not want to broadcast it to all your friends. I have done the best I can with spelling – I mean, most of these alleged words HAVE no correct spelling. So, when in doubt, just sound it out phonically and that’s probably what it sounds like.

I will publish the answers [most of which are one-word definitions, or the correct spelling of the word] on my alternative website for which I will provide the link as soon as I have figured out the answers for myself. Some are very easy and some of these words/phrases are genuine head scratchers! ALL are conveyed in the Central Appalachian foothill patois. I have left out all apostrophes and other punctuation that might be a dead giveaway – just go by the pronunciation.

[Oh, I neglected to mention… a couple of these more comical words come from Hillbillies with curious speech impediments, just to make it more interesting. Yes, I know this is all politically incorrect – I don’t care. Just take the damn test. I have designated the aforementioned offensive words with an asterisk* And some are just corruptions of words that were *wrong to begin with* [!!!] because the originator was a mega-dumbass – those are designated with a plus sign.+]

1. barrie -- borrow
2. kalotus+ -- clitoris
3. calvary -- cavalry
4. hooved – raised up
5. bətaters -- potatoes
6. flares -- flowers
7. scantlin – scantling (a pole used in constructing rough sheds)
8. fit -- fought
9. hit -- it
10. hanna squisher* -- handsome creature
11. cawls* -- cars
12. iffen -- if
13. ary – a, one
14. par -- pair
15. theys – there is
16. ortah – ought to
17. eustud – an arrogant little smart-ass who thinks he’s a macho stud
18. afixin – preparing [v.]
19. fur -- for
20. fitten – fit, acceptable, suitable, “He ain’t fitten [fit] fur [for] nothin’ [anything]!”

 

                                                                  Pat With His Band

Conclusions

Jesus, I miss this guy. When Pat passed away at age 64, I was heartbroken that my buddy had lost his battle with cancer at such a young age. Still, I did not grieve his passing with great emotion. I knew Pat wouldn't have wanted that his friends to do that. He had made his peace with God, family, and friends.

Instead of weeping, I turned to his writing to feel his presence. It was there, in those blog and Facebook entries. And, as I reread his words, I could see and hear Pat using that brilliant hyper-memory to allow me not only into his past but into my own. What a gift Pat Crabtree left behind. Maybe a family member will publish more of his extensive writing in the future.

At Pat's request, his body was cremated. There was no service or visitation per his instructions. But, months later the family held a memorial on Pat's front porch, a touching remembrance filled with great stories of him. What a beautiful day it was.

I thought about God in heaven being entertained by his new arrival, Pat Crabtree. I was sure He was enjoying talking with Pat about how things in Southern Ohio were doing. Maybe Pat was also flying with angels, I considered.

I remember when Pat wrote about “The Significance of an Archangel in Your Livingroom” for the News on January 12, 2017.

He wrote …

When God has a very special task to be carried out, he usually assigns it to one of these three powerful angels. There are lots of run-of-the-mill, everyday angels and they also have their work to do but the heavy-duty assignments go to Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael.

According to Jewish tradition [but not The Holy Bible] there are a total of seven Archangels. But, for my purpose here, I go with the three that I have named at the outset. If you do not agree, that's fine... no problem.

The point of my discussion of the three Archangels is simply this: Would you ever expect God, in any of His three forms, (The Father, The Son, or The Holy Ghost, and some would say The Holy Spirit), to show up on your doorstep? Well, hell no you wouldn't! Why not? Because God has a lot of super-important stuff to do, plus, you could never withstand His presence – it would instantly annihilate you. You could not endure it – they wouldn't find a speck of your DNA if you were to stand before God. That's one good reason why He has the angels as helpers. Hanging out with a regular angel will in no way cause you the slightest bit of harm and, in fact, it happens to people all the time. Such angels are usually present to convey a message or advice to their recipient.

However, and this is the real crux of the matter, if you are sitting in your favorite armchair with a beer one evening, brooding through the eleven o'clock news, and you turn around to find The Archangel Michael [or Gabriel or Raphael] standing there staring at you, then I'd say you've got a damn big problem.

Let me put it another way... the Archangels aren't mentioned all that much in The Holy Bible but when they are, there's something biblical going on, a mission of God. For example, on The Day of Armageddon, it will be Michael who leads God's armies against Satan's forces. So, I'm talking big here... as in monumental.

In summary, if this happens to you... well just allow me to say that I would not want to be in your stinking shoes if it does happen. Did you ever think about what you would do if this were to occur? ...maybe develop some sort of a plan ahead of time? I would strongly advise you to do so because this is not going to be a moment in which you want to be caught stammering, appearing to be the biggest buffoon on the block.

Anyway, it's just some information, food for thought, that I thought people ought to have.

Oh, and one more thing... if a guy shows up like that who says his name is Melchizedek, I would also pay very close attention to anything that he might have to say too!”

And, as I read the entry, I laughed and laughed. I could hear Pat just guffawing as he finished writing this religious edification. And, I could see him thoroughly enjoying himself in a new and perfect form, not a tall and weary frame showing all the negative effects from the terrible disease of cancer. At his side, God and all three of those archangels were cracking up too. And, lastly, I could hear the Man Upstairs beg Pat Crabtree for just one more recollection. 

 

I forgot to mention, Pat was an artist. The Sugar Shack II, circa 1967, acrylic on cardboard, Crabtree copyright 2001