Sunday, August 14, 2011

Too Much Facebook Status?


I admit that I'm an avid Facebooker. I believe the social utility has effectively linked our community of friends together with its dependable, instantaneous access to information. When I  Facebook, I like to communicate with my friends, keep abreast of current local events, and offer assistance to those in need. I never thought I would enjoy being a member of a social networking service; however, I must admit that I am now a daily user.

But, despite my allegiance to the utility, I just don't understand one popular Facebook obsession -- the need to "show off" tons of very personal information in posts and photos. It seems to me that such copious content, often extremely private and more often exceedingly trivial, is better left to exposure for a very select number of close friends, not to the potential millions of curious eyes online.

So many people evidently enjoy posting virtually everything that happens in their lives, yet I often scratch my head and wonder if a multitude of personal status reports exhibits so much self-pride that the sender risks being judged as vain and egotistical. It is really necessary to provide one's status at every move and to flaunt every photograph one clicks?

I understand that I am 60 years old and that I inhabit a world that deems me technologically and socially impaired. It is a fair assumption to say that I am light years behind the times with my antiquated views on electronic devices and their use. I grew up in simpler days of snail-paced updates when letters, face-to-face communication, and the telephone provided a great deal of privacy. Even then, gossip traveled fast, but not as quickly as today thanks to the warp-speed delivery of social networks.

It amazes me that so many feel the urge to post indiscriminately. It seems that instant revelation of any and everything takes precedence over any modest efforts to insure security and to limit mass exposure. I think, by now, everyone is aware of the potential danger in revealing too much personal information over the net. Evidently, many just don't care enough to be throttle back. But, what about those who must "put it all" on Facebook? I'm concerned about the image of those who are driven to bare themselves like that online. Why do they do it?

Most, I'm sure, involve themselves in mega-posting because they sincerely want others to share their lives and to understand their daily updates. They have become comfortable with the ease of accessing good friends, and they merely offer the information in good faith and assume no one will misinterpret it or abuse it. Although they could private message the truly personal content, they choose to display it on "news feed" because they can accomplish this easily, and they know their small circle of friends will find their content on the feed.

Not all Facebookers post with the needs of others foremost in their minds. Other motives do exist. Some surely hope to boost their popularity with little tantalizing bits of personal information -- the flashy photos, the "good life" status. I often wonder if these people are just screaming "Look at me!" for the sake of some personal satisfaction or private gain. I think I can read between the lines of these posts, and I find them very self-serving.

Some rabid sharers continually post silly, silly things. I understand the need to be goofy, and I do this myself at times, but string after string of brainless content wears thin. No real harm is committed by those who revel in being nonsensical though I do think these people often unwittingly portray themselves as a little less funny than they think they are. In fact, some consistently paint a self-portrait of witlessness.

And, of course, some people just like to hear themselves talk (or, in this case, they like to read their own writing). Print can evoke fits of ego. Like silliness, mindlessness is probably not going to hurt others. Occasionally, I feel the need for an audience and write an egotistical status myself, but these posts are jabber that does not really interest anyone but me. I should know better. A chatterbox or a self-proclaimed authority is never taken seriously.

Sometimes a status can be injurious to the writer or to others. It is very easy to misuse and abuse the written word. Status reports written in haste can reveal super-charged emotions and character miscues. Such posts can become "I wish I wouldn't have said that" moments. Once recorded on Facebook, these comments warp speed to a wide audience. People love dirt and scandal, so anything remotely controversial will be read and remembered.

I guess the argument could be made that a social network is designed to be a place where a glut of status updates, no matter the value of their content, merely replenishes the "need to know." Many Facebookers evidently believe their dear public desires to know virtually everything about them, even their most personal information. If these people were their best friends, I might agree, but that is usually not the case with most everyone's Facebook.

I think Facebook is enabling those who feel the need to make their most private clearly public. I believe some people will find this excess troubling in the future. Pride is good as long as egotistical nature is under control. I love to Facebook, but I try not to become too loose with personal information or too wordy with fluffy status posts. And, I know the bottom line today -- this blog entry further solidifies my standing as a crusty old geezer who just "doesn't get it."

  
Postscript

Here are a few of the things I have seen on Facebook that I just don't understand. Doing them does not make a person a faulty Facebooker, but doing them too much grates on my nerves.

1. Posting inspirational wisdom or enlightening quotes.

"That which doesn't kill us makes us stronger." -Nietzche

A pertinent one on occasion is good; too many is annoying. How about making up a few of your own "words of wisdom" or relating the knowledge you seek to impart in original words? Overused quotes strike few sparks.

2. Being extremely vague while seeking honest understanding.

"I'm so sick of speaking words that no one understands."

What? I'd like to reply and offer suggestions for improvement, but I just don't know what is going on. Do you think you could possible make the statement concrete? People sometimes expect friends to read their minds or to remember all information they deem important.

3. Stirring up the troops.

“Don’t you just hate it when certain ‘best friends’ turn out to be your worst enemies?”

Everyone occasionally whines and moans, but too much griping detracts from character. Do you really think the object of your aggression is going to read what you’ve written, sensibly digest and modify their behavior accordingly? People find that complaining comes very easily.

4. Saying nothing all the time.

"Getting ready to step into the shower."

Does anyone really need a minute-by-minute account of all your daily actions and locations? Can anyone say, "Too much information"? Maybe conserving a little energy and not posting is best.

5. Moaning a "boredom statement."

"I'm so bored."  

Saying "I'm tired, bored, sleepy, awake or excited" just looks like you’re trying to remind people you’re still alive. Maybe some say this to beg for some shared time.

6. Posting ALL the photos.

You may be able to consider quality and select the "perfect pics" for sharing with all friends instead of putting your photo album online. Some photos are so personal that they may present you with problems you never expected. And remember, everyone loves family content but even some of these photos may be seen by those who misuse them.

7. Wishing you were here.

"Oahu is just a paradise. Never want to leave."

This is just my own personal gripe because I don't have the funds to take the fabulous vacations I see captured in comments and photos on Facebook. Now, I'm really being sarcastic, but I am so jealous. I think Facebookers should be required to send souvenirs to all their Facebook friends if they post dozens of these lovely photos online. Forgive me. I'm only kidding. These are the comments of a bitter, aging, old fart.


Tuesday, August 9, 2011

Beautiful Women Stun Men


 
Psychologists at Radboud University in The Netherlands found 
that "men who spend even a few minutes in the company 
of an attractive woman perform less well in tests 
designed to measure brain function than those who chat 
to someone they do not find attractive."  
Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology

Researchers think the reason may be that men use up so much of their brain function or "cognitive resources" trying to impress beautiful women, they have little left for other tasks. (Pat Hagan, "Men Lose Their Minds Speaking To Pretty Women," www.telegraph.co.uk, September 3 2009)

And, this may be simply because men are programmed by evolution to think more about mating opportunities. Women, however, were not affected by chatting to a handsome man. Reportedly, they look for other attributes, such as wealth, youth and kindness.

No Surprise: Pretty Girls Make Men Brain Dead 

We men have know this for years. We didn't need a study to confirm the fact that we lose our ability to think in the presence of a pretty woman. Something in an encounter with a babe turns us into dumb, goofy stooges who can no longer concentrate. We fumble, stutter, and feel our knees turn to jelly. We want to make meaningful conversation and show our best side, but we can't. We are stunned. It's just not fair to judge us by anything stupid we might say or do when we are in this mode.One word fits this feeling well: We become DUMBFOUNDED.

I like the Vince Gill song "Whenever You Come Around." It think it captures the feeling so well. I've always thought this song evoked memories of similar feelings felt by wilting guys. I can't tell you how many times in high school I just didn't know what to say in the presence of a pretty girl. I was so easily dumbfounded. 

"I get weak in the knees, and I lose my breath.
Oh, I try to speak, but the words won't come...
I'm so scared to death.
And when you smile that smile, the world turns upside down
Whenever you come around."  
-"Whenever You Come Around" Vince Gill
View "Whenever You Come Around" here:  http://youtu.be/-bdZQJZMt90.


More than anything else, I believe, a smile and friendly eyes can serve to calm this dumbfounded state. Men may be programmed by evolution to think about mating, but most are also very pleased just to find out that a pretty lady is pleasantly receptive to their admiration. Is this view sexist and chauvinistic. I guess it may be.

I can hear the girls' opposition to this train of thought now -- they are saying "guys just want to ogle me and treat me like a sex object." And, they are probably right about some guys who would believe a smile is an invitation to something else. But, beauties who love to "cold shoulder" men or who take pride in their ability to dazzle the "silly boys" seem cruel to me.

Oh well, if you are a girl, don't listen to me. After all, in your presence, I am just another dumbfounded guy with frazzled thoughts. Have mercy - I can't think straight in this condition. Besides, women remain a mystery and a true source of amazement to me. I have accepted this as part of life, and I'm too old to change now.

And, consider this, guys. According to relationship correspondent, Curt Smith of AskMen.com:

"Believe it or not, beautiful women have a hard time meeting men. The reason being that most men are intimidated by their looks. They think that because she looks good, she must be high maintenance, hard to get, already dating, and snobby.

"The few men that do approach her are all players who like to play head games just to get into her panties and claim her as a trophy.

"U-men (ugly men) that date beautiful women know this. They know that in most cases, beautiful women are single, fed up of head games and craving for a real man to approach them and desire them for who they are and not solely for their bodies.

"The U-man must always be one step ahead of the game; he has nothing to lose and everything to gain." (Curt Smith, "Why Do Beautiful Women Date Ugly Men?" AskMen.com)

You single average Joes, take heart. Although you may be melting into the floor and slurring your words when you meet a pretty lady, you may still be able to survive and attract her attention. On a personal note, I wouldn't get too confident though. I still believe most women are strongly attracted to the attributes of studly looks, wealth, and any other means to provide real security.

So if you see a beauty you would love to love, remember, she's probably used to seeing that "man in the headlights" look. Don't just look so dumbfounded... find your confidence and proceed, but do so extremely cautiously. Remember, she has the evolutionary edge. And, likely, she always will. But, damn, ain't she beautiful!?

Yeah, I Am a Valley Indian


I attended Valley High School for four years (1966-1969). Then, after getting my degree in English Secondary Education from Ohio University, I taught there for many, many more years. Some things just accurately represent the Valley High School flavor. Everyone who attended the school can relate to these things as they look back upon their Purple days.

Here is the my own Top Ten List of Valley High School Experiences. Feel free to comment and add your own universal Valley items to the list. I tried to generalize so that the entries fit a wide spectrum of those who had attended the school over the years. A new Facebook group has been established by students called "If You Went To Valley, You Remember..."  It is fun. Catch it at https://www.facebook.com/groups/177013645702435/  Hope you all enjoy the Top Ten List.

The Top Ten Valley High School Experiences

10. You loved wild costume dress days filled with pep rallies, ballgames, and after-game-dances.

9. You found your way around Rose Hill, The Bottoms, Miller's Run, Clarktown, and Peach Orchard without a GPS. 

8. You often got bored and looked out of your classroom window to catch a peek of the beautiful Southern Ohio Correctional Facility.

7. You looked forward to viewing homely Sweathearts, and you heard classmates call the homecoming event a "bomb fire." 

6. You sat in the hallway with your head between your knees and wondered why tornado and fire drills were always announced before they happened. 

5. You understood that attending the Scioto County Fair and going to the Scioto Breeze were critical high school rites of passage.

4. You always wondered why if the school colors were purple and gold, every school design was emblazoned with purple and a mellow yellow. 

3. You were tardy for the thirtieth time and finally wore out the excuse "Lucasville-Minford Road was gridlocked because of Swap Days."

2. You sang repeatedly "for us to win we'll try," and you didn't question the goofy grammatical phrase or attempt to determine what it really meant.

And, the number one, Valley High experience... 

1. You stared at the gray meat of the old-fashioned hamburger you were about to eat, and you wondered what animal you had been served.


Monday, August 8, 2011

Hot Rod Music and American Dreams



What happened to the car songs? You know, the hot rod songs, our constant companions for cruising the roads and streets of America? Everybody in the '60s had 8-tracks featuring these songs, the simple odes to roaring engines and muscle cars.

Back in those days, many cars had hot, exotic names like Mustang, Corvette, Cobra, Thunderbird, and Road Runner. The name helped create the charisma associated with each beautiful machine. They prowled the imaginations of youth, especially the thoughts of young men. Then, originality and style meant so much to both the manufacturers and to the consumers. With cheap gas, muscle was in, way in.

Good times, cars, summer, and pretty girls -- hot rod songs evoke crystal images of all of these things. I love to let this music pull me back into my teen years, times of little worry and an uncluttered life. It's funny how these elementary tunes can rekindle scenes close to my heart. Maybe the fact that the songs glorify the car culture contributes to their strong pull. After all, what is more important to an American teen than driving an automobile? The car is the key to mobility and the means of pursuing adventure.    

Hot rod songs, like surf music, largely originated in Southern California, where an active hot rod scene had evolved from the illegal street races of the 1940s to the Bonneville Salt Flats speed weeks and drag strips of the 1960s.

Cult heroes like auto customizer George Barris and driver "Big Daddy" Garlits  helped fuel passion for the music. And, the hot rod scene was lionized by Hollywood films, plastic car models available in hobby shops, and Bob Peterson's mass circulation periodical, Hot Rod. (Frank Hoffman, "Survey of American Popular Music, www.shsu.edu)

Talented Los Angeles-based songwriters and arrangers/producers began fueling the craze in the early 1960s, most notably Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, Roger Christian (a deejay at KFWB), Gary Usher, Terry Melcher, and Bruce Johnston.

Many critics view hot rod rock as a form of surf music that incorporates instrumental surf rock with car noises (revving engines and screeching tires). Like surf music, most hot rod songs are dominated by electric guitars, electric bass, and drums. Hot rod songs tend to be a little manic, and - surprise - their subject matter is often about tearing up the pavement (although "wreck" songs are also popular).

This blog entry includes my list of favorite hot rod songs. I am not including great car songs like "Maybelline" by Chuck Berry, "Rocket 88" by Jackie Brenston, or "Thunder Road" by Robert Mitchum. And, I didn't put "Mustang Sally" here because it has R&B roots. This list attempts to remain pretty true to the '60s California tradition. It does include one motorcycle song. Here are the oldies in no particular order. Rev 'em up!

"Little GTO" Ronnie and the Daytonas



"Hey Little Cobra" Rip Chords



"Dead Man's Curve" Jan & Dean



"Road Runner" Gants



"Shut Down" Beach Boys



"Mr. Eliminator" Dick Dale



"Stick Shift" Duals



"SS 396" Paul Revere and the Raiders



"409" Beach Boys



"Little Honda" Hondells


Sunday, August 7, 2011

Rock and Roll In the Hall


Blues, country and western, gospel, swing jazz -- all of these types of music contributed to the birth of rock music. Arguments over the first true rock song and the original rock artist have raged for well over a half century, and still nothing is conclusive.

Whether "Good Rockin' Tonight," "Saturday Night Fish Fry," "Rocket 88," "Shake, Rattle and Roll," "That's All Right, Mama," or some other equally great tune is the first rock song remains cloudy. And, whether the Delmore Brothers, Louis Jordan, Big Joe Turner, Jackie Brenston, Bill Haley, Little Richard, Elvis, or some other musician is the real "Rock Granddaddy of Them All" is still an open debate.

One thing is sure: rock music did not sprout overnight. A variety of people, places and scenes contributed to its early development. People like me who have grown up listening to rock music defend it as an important element of popular entertainment and pop culture.

A young child of the '50s (I was born in 1951.), I was immersed in the Hit Parade recordings of Perry Como, Johnny Horton, Nat "King" Cole, Dina Shore, and the like. Folk era artists like Harry Belafonte, the Kingston Trio, and the Highwaymen also had a big impact on my early love of music. I can probably still remember most of the lyrics to the 45s I began collecting in the '50s. I began to love music then while developing my personal musical tastes, and I think the decade produced many of the great vocal artists of all time.

Then, in the '60s, rock music stormed into my life. Of course, Elvis was the established king of the genre by that time, but with the emergence of transistor radios and AM rock radio, a flood of new artists entered my life at the touch of my fingertips. Allowing me instant access to mass recordings, radio became my constant companion, and DJs served as my personal ambassadors to this rock and roll wonderland. In came the Brill Building artists, Chubby Checker, Sam Cooke, Ricky Nelson, Ray Charles, Roy Orbison, the Four Seasons... on and on.

By late 1964, the British Invasion, the Motown hit factory, Dick Clark's Bandstand, and garage band mania had completely stolen my musical heart. During the 1960s, rock matured and became the preferred popular music in America. I loved the stuff and could never seem to get enough. I am sure that I became a rock fanatic then, and I remain totally absorbed in the music today.

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Several years ago I went to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. I loved the Hall and spent several hours there during my visit. I could have spent at least a couple of days absorbing all of the exhibits, but time did not allow. Count on it -- I will return for a longer stay.

And, what great stores at the Hall! It features a gift shop and a music store filled with all of the recordings of  the inductees. The music store was outstanding. It's a good thing I didn't have much extra money to spend. I believe I would have shelled out some major bucks there if only my budget had permitted.

As much as I like the Hall, I am disappointed that some of the great artists of the late '50s and '60s have yet to be inducted. I thought I would explore this issue here.

Here is the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction process used for performers :

"Artists become eligible for induction 25 years after the release of their first record. Criteria include the influence and significance of the artists’ contributions to the development and perpetuation of rock and roll.

The Foundation’s nominating committee, composed of rock and roll historians, selects nominees each year in the Performer category. Ballots are then sent to an international voting body of more than 500 rock experts. Those performers who receive the highest number of votes - and more than 50 percent of the vote - are inducted. The Foundation generally inducts five to seven performers each year."

Those selected to vote include academics, journalists, producers, and others with music industry experience. Around five to seven performers are inducted each year.The first group of inductees, inducted on January 23, 1986, included James Brown, Little Richard, Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Ray Charles, Chuck Berry, Sam Cooke, The Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, and Jerry Lee Lewis. As of 2011, 296 artists have been inducted.

The most frequent criticism of the Hall of Fame is that the nomination process is controlled by a few individuals who are not themselves musicians, reflecting their personal tastes rather than the views of the rock world as a whole. The committee has also been accused of largely ignoring certain genres such as progressive rock, '60s top 40, and New Orleans funk. Some people have actually criticized the Hall saying that too many artists are routinely inducted.

According to Fox News, petitions with tens of thousands of signatures were also being ignored, and some groups that were signed with certain labels or companies or were affiliated with various committee members have even been put up for nomination with no discussion at all. (Roger Friedman, "Rock Hall of Fame Fallout: 'There Is Resentment Building Up,' Fox News, April 4 2001)

Whether any of this criticism is valid, I don't know. I really don't even care to research further to find out why some people are not already in the Hall. All I know is that some more artists have the stuff necessary for inclusion in the Hall. 

In my opinion, some super rockers have not been inducted. These folks have made my rock experience very rewarding. I continue to listen to their recordings to this day, and I truly believe each of them has contributed greatly to the advancement of rock and roll. In no particular order, here is my personal list of those worthy of induction:

Steve Miller Band
Neil Sedaka
The Monkees
Steppenwolf
Tommy James and the Shondells
Johnny Rivers
The Moody Blues
The Zombies
Connie Francis
Dick Dale
Chicago
Grand Funk Railroad
Donovan
The Guess Who

It is very apparent that my list is comprised mainly of artists most popular during my early years. I plead guilty to being a big fan of that rock era.





Saturday, August 6, 2011

Deer Antler Spray: Take Me Out Of the Ballgame



Steroids, game betting, spitters, corked bats, humidified "freeze balls," relaying catchers' signs -- Major League Baseball has dealt with all kinds of cheating since its early days. People say that serious cheating such as taking steroids has irrevocably damaged the national pastime. And yet many baseball fans consider some of cheating as rather silly gamesmanship.

Now, something relatively new is at hand. It's the old steroid game with a new twist. What about the use of natural substances that present almost no risk of flunking a drug test as an alternative to using steroids?

Baseball sent an odd warning to its major and minor league players last week: 
Stop ingesting deer antler spray. 

Deer antlers? Tom Verducci says, "Yes, chemists have figured out that the velvet from immature deer antlers includes insulin-like growth factor, or IGF-1, which mediates the level of human growth hormone in the body, and is also banned by MLB and the World Anti-Doping Agency, among others, for its muscle-building and fat-cutting effects." (Tom Verducci, "MLB Trying to Curtail Use of Deer Antler Spray as Steroid Alternative," sportsillustrated.cnn.com, August 5 2011)

The antlers are harvested from young deer, ground up and packaged into spray form. The spray can be purchased and used orally by ballplayers.

Believe it or not, the deer are already here. Players have felt free to use the spray at nearly no risk until now as an alternative to steroids.But this week, MLB warned players not to spray deer spray under their tongues anymore.Baseball acted on reports from the drug-testing industry and warned players that deer antler spray can produce positive tests for methyltestosterone, a banned steroid under both the major league and minor league drug policies.

The warning was not issued because the spray includes the banned chemical. Major League Baseball issued its warning about deer antler spray because it contained "potentially contaminated nutritional supplements." ("Report: Players Warned Over Deer Spray," espn.go.com, August 6 2011)

Evidently, the deer antler spray does not list methyltestosterone as one of its ingredients. Still, one manufacturer touts among its benefits "anabolic or growth stimulation," "athletic performance" and "muscular strength and endurance."

Are you confused? It seems that baseball is warning its players not to use a product made out of the antlers of young deer -- not because it boasts a banned ingredient right there on its label, but because it could be "contaminated" with another banned substance that actually might show up on a drug test. ("MLB Doesn't Like Deer," www.cbssports.com, August 5 2011) 

The approved clinical use of methyltestosterone is to treat men with a testosterone deficiency and women with breast cancer or menopause-related symptoms.
 
IGF-1, or insulin-like growth factor, like HGH (human growth hormone), cannot be detected in the urine tests used by baseball. Under the right circumstances, it could be detected in a blood test, but the players association has not agreed to blood testing.

“You can find it,” Jonathan Danaceau, a director at a World Doping Agency approved lab, told ThePostGame.com. “But saying whether this is synthetic or natural is hard to determine. It’s only detectable in blood, and most anti-doping tests are done in urine.” (Dan Wetzel, "Spray Gives Sports Deer-In-The-Headlights Look," sports.yahoo.com, January 20 2011)

Deer antler spray is currently being endorsed by some NFL players and bodybuilders. ("MLB Warns Against Using 'Deer Antler Spray' As Steroid Alternative," sports.yahoo.com, August 5, 2011)

Major League Baseball issued this warning as a preemptive measure. It could have been silent on the info that it received from drug-testing agencies, but baseball does not want to be hurt by more scandal, so it is protecting itself (and its players) from potential problems.

Does this throw a monkey wrench into drug testing? Since the product is culled from natural rather than from synthetic resources, should baseball players be allowed to use it?

I think this is the bottom line: Methyltestosterone is a banned steroid. It has been banned from use by Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball, by the U.S. and the International Olympic Committees, and by other athletic organizations. If deer antler spray contains the anabolic steroid, the product must be banned whether natural or synthetic. Will players continue to use it if it cannot be detected by current drug tests? Come on... you know some will.

Athletes will continue to strive harder to achieve a certain level of excellence and invincibility in their sport- whether through natural or questionable means. This means sports authorities and officials will be forced to remain on high alert to defend the integrity of their games.



Wednesday, August 3, 2011

Tweak Your Radar -- Opana


Some people are asking for blues, biscuits, octagons, stop signs and pink ladies. What are these veiled requests? These people are looking for drugs; they are using street names for the drug Opana. Oh, no, when will the madness stop? Shades of OxyContin? I certainly believe so. People are abusing yet another deadly rx drug.

These are excerpts from an actual online forum thread by someone who calls himself an "avid Oxycodone user."
 
"OC80 is the most popular drug in the world for a reason. As a pill, it is and always will be the most wonderful pill to abuse...You can sniff it, eat it, smoke it, plug it, or shoot it-- whatever you choice is, it will suit you well...I've done heroin, and much prefer the alert and stimulating high OC has, even if the euphoria is a bit less than H.

"I scored a number of Opana 40s. FYI-- Opana orally is 2x the strength of OC...It is supposedly 4-6x the potency. This means 40mg of Opana should compare to 160-200mg of OC-- theoretically!

"Opana is a great drug too-- it's effects are second only to OC's.

"The OC high is the perfect opiate high...Opana's strength is a plus, however, since one 40mg can provide so much pleasure to a snorter. The high lasts long as well-- slightly longer than oxycodone I'd say. Oxycodone wins, but Opana is great and I will continue to enjoy it's specific refined effects which my mood may call for at times, or go great in combination wtih some OC."

WARNING: The comments from the "avid Oxycodone user" are printed in this blog entry to warn everyone of the dangers of drug abuse and to discourage anyone from abusing drugs. I am not quoting the material to, in any way, inform people about the benefits of being "high" on any rx prescription. Please, never abuse any drug, particularly OxyContin and Opana. If you do, you are playing Russian roulette. You may become addicted or you may die.

Quite frankly, I am shocked that Opana is making its way into the drug culture. Like OxyContin, it is a drug that demands attention because of its potential deadly effects.

What Is Opana?

Opana ER is a CII controlled substance. It is a prescription medicine that contains the opioid (narcotic pain medicine) oxymorphone. Opana ER is used to treat adults with constant pain (around the clock) that is moderate to severe and is expected to last for an extended period of time. 

Opana's manufacturer, Endo Pharmaceuticals, says the drug was developed in part to provide an alternative to patients who’ve developed a tolerance for a specific painkiller. They claim Opana’s added benefit to patients is that the drug is a “true” twice-a-day opioid. Endo stresses that Opana ER is not for occasional ("as needed") use.

A spokesman for the company suggested that while OxyContin is advertised as a 12-hour medication, its users “tend” to take OxyContin more frequently. (Matt Elzweig, "Opana: A Brief History," New York Press, March 12 2008)

Endo says, "The challenges of treating chronic pain are complex. Opana ER has been developed to help manage many of those challenges." Here is the Endo Opana information site: http://opana.com/patients/about-opana.aspx.

Warnings About Opana

Here is the boxed warning for Opana ER:

  • WARNING: OPANA ER contains oxymorphone, which is a morphine-like opioid agonist and a Schedule II controlled substance, with an abuse liability similar to other opioid analgesics.
  • Oxymorphone can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. This should be considered when prescribing or dispensing OPANA ER in situations where the physician or pharmacist is concerned about an increased risk of misuse, abuse, or diversion.
  • OPANA ER is an extended-release oral formulation of oxymorphone indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain when a continuous, around-the-clock opioid analgesic is needed for an extended period of time.
  • OPANA ER is NOT intended for use as an as needed analgesic.
  • OPANA ER TABLETS are to be swallowed whole and are not to be broken, chewed, dissolved, or crushed. Taking broken, chewed, dissolved, or crushed OPANA ER TABLETS leads to rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of oxymorphone.
  • Patients must not consume alcoholic beverages, or prescription or nonprescription medications containing alcohol, while on OPANA ER therapy. The co-ingestion of alcohol with OPANA ER may result in increased plasma levels and a potentially fatal overdose of oxymorphone.

Here are some (by no means meant to be an all-inclusive list) of the dangers involved with taking Opana:

Respiratory depression is the chief hazard of Opana and Opana ER, particularly in elderly or debilitated patients.

Patients receiving other opioid analgesics, general anesthetics, phenothiazines or other tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) may experience additive effects resulting in respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, or coma.

OPANA and OPANA ER should be used with caution in elderly and debilitated patients and in patients who are known to be sensitive to CNS depressants, such as those with cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease. OPANA and OPANA ER should be used with caution in patients with mild hepatic impairment and in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. These patients should be started cautiously with lower doses of OPANA or OPANA ER while carefully monitoring for side effects.

Endo's site: http://www.endo.com/Opana.aspx

Opana: The Bottom Line

Opana (Oxymorphone, Numorphan, Numorphone) is related to morphine in the same fashion that oxycodone is to codeine; they are all derived from thebaine, and are said to be approximately 6–8 times more potent than morphine. Opana can generate a serious narcotic habit rather quickly in those who take it recreationally in that it has powerful euphoric properties which some rank as the highest amongst narcotics, even placing it above morphine, heroin, hydromorphone, and dextromoramide. (www.southcoastrecovery.com, 2008)

An addiction to the prescription painkiller Opana can have devastating consequences. While many people take Opana for legitimate pain, it can develop a physical and/or psychological dependence with regular use. Over time, even a relatively short-term period, a tolerance can develop, so some people decide to escalate use or misuse Opana in other ways that are dangerous. The use of narcotic painkillers can lead to tolerance, addiction, withdrawal symptoms, the need for detox and even death.

It's Here

WSAZ News recently carried a story about Opana and its presence in Pike County, Kentucky. According to the WSAZ report, police and health officials said Opana was now being abused in Eastern Kentucky. ("Concern About People Abusing the Drug 'Opana,'" news@wsaz.com, October 13 2010)

“Smaller doses work like higher doses of morphine,” said Nell Johnson, Pikeville Medical Center Director For Addiction Services.“(Opana is) one of the new drugs young people are getting into and taking to abuse,” Johnson reported.

Officials said, when injected, Opana is considerably stronger (allegedly "20 times stronger) than OxyContin. They warned that the drug is very, very dangerous, saying that the wrong combination is like taking a suicide cocktail.

Other officials in Tazewell County, Virginia, are warning about the dangers of Opana. It has been blamed for several overdoses in the county. ("SW Virginia Officials Say Opana Drug Abuse Increasing, Attribute Drug to 6 Deaths," The Associated Press, July 9 2011)

"Six overdose deaths have been attributed to the strong pain medication Opana, which also is known as Numorpha, Mumorphone and oxymorphone," Tazewell County Commonwealth's Attorney Dennis Lee said.

The Bluefield Daily Telegraph reported that law enforcement agencies started seeing abuse of Opana about nine months ago. Law enforcement officials nationwide have seen increasing abuse of the drug, along with overdoses.

The Telegraph said the danger is that people (such as users of Dilaudid and oxycodone) aren't used to the potency of the drug. And, because it will require more doses to maintain a stable high, a serious habit can form rather quickly.

"I think in the community of individuals who are addicted, there is an ignorance about this drug," Tazewell County Commonwealth's Attorney Dennis Lee said. "They feel it's another form of oxycodone and that it is reformulated, but it is not."

The full report is here: http://www.greenfieldreporter.com/view/story/5f85d51b6ff242ecbe6589d5811a954f/VA--Opana-Overdoses
 

Attention Mr. Avid Oxycodone User

Here is my urgent plea to "Avid Oxycodone User" -- PLEASE STOP TAKING OPANA AND ANY OTHER RX DRUG. ABOVE ALL, PLEASE STOP ADVOCATING ITS ILLICIT USE AND ANY POTENTIALLY DEADLY "HIGH" IT MAY PRODUCE!



Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Pharma and the Pill


Purdue Pharma L.P. claims to be "a pharmaceutical company committed to improving patients' lives and serving the healthcare community." The company believes it has taken a leading role in addressing the serious public health issues of pharmaceutical drug diversion and abuse through a wide variety of educational and interventional programs.

Please read Purdue's information for yourself at their site: http://www.purduepharma.com/Products/Prescription/Pages/default.aspx. Here is Purdue's "Important Safety Information" about OxyContin® (oxycodone HCl controlled-release) Tablets C-II:

WARNING: IMPORTANCE OF PROPER PATIENT SELECTION AND POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE

"OxyContin contains oxycodone which is an opioid agonist and a Schedule II controlled substance with an abuse liability similar to morphine. (9)

"OxyContin can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. This should be considered when prescribing or dispensing OxyContin in situations where the physician or pharmacist is concerned about an increased risk of misuse, abuse, or diversion. (9.2)

"OxyContin is a controlled-release oral formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain when a continuous, around-the-clock opioid analgesic is needed for an extended period of time. (1)

"OxyContin is not intended for use on an as-needed basis. (1)

"Patients considered opioid tolerant are those who are taking at least 60 mg oral morphine/day, 25 mcg transdermal fentanyl/hour, 30 mg oral oxycodone/day, 8 mg oral hydromorphone/day, 25 mg oral oxymorphone/day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid for one week or longer.

"OxyContin 60 mg and 80 mg tablets, a single dose greater than 40 mg, or a total daily dose greater than 80 mg are only for use in opioid-tolerant patients, as they may cause fatal respiratory depression when administered to patients who are not tolerant to the respiratory-depressant or sedating effects of opioids. (2.7)

"Persons at increased risk for opioid abuse include those with a personal or family history of substance abuse (including drug or alcohol abuse or addiction) or mental illness (e.g., major depression). Patients should be assessed for their clinical risks for opioid abuse or addiction prior to being prescribed opioids. All patients receiving opioids should be routinely monitored for signs of misuse, abuse and addiction. (2.2)

"OxyContin must be swallowed whole and must not be cut, broken, chewed, crushed, or dissolved. Taking cut, broken, chewed, crushed or dissolved OxyContin tablets leads to rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of oxycodone. (2.1)

"The concomitant use of OxyContin with all cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors such as macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), azole-antifungal agents (e.g., ketoconazole), and protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir) may result in an increase in oxycodone plasma concentrations, which could increase or prolong adverse effects and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression. Patients receiving OxyContin and a CYP3A4 inhibitor should be carefully monitored for an extended period of time and dosage adjustments should be made if warranted. (7.2)

Guns and Oxys?

We all are familiar with the bumper-sticker slogan of NRA supporters: Guns don't kill people; people kill people. Many accept this slogan as sound logical reasoning. But, as Tom Hoppi reminds us:

"This argument is an attempt to divert attention away from the fact that guns make it much easier to kill people. Guns do this in two ways: enhanced ability and feasibility. We can see the enhanced ability from suicide statistics: the most successful suicide attempts are those that involve firearms. And this greater ability also makes murder feasible in a greater number of circumstances. To anyone entertaining murderous impulses, a gun makes it feasible to attack larger people, multiple people, people from a distance, from secrecy, etc. No one in their right mind would try to rob a bank with a knife. But a gun inspires confidence of success in a would-be bank robber, allowing a crime to occur when it wouldn't have otherwise." http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-gunskill.htm

I guess some would make a similar analogy to OxyContin and overdose death. In other words, they would say, "OxyContin doesn't kill people; people who abuse OxyContin kill themselves." What is wrong with considering such an analogy? Consider the "enhanced ability and feasibility" for abuse presented in the form of the drug and the fact that it is so widely distributed.

Yes, addiction and death result from abusing the medication, but how many risks are associated with the use of OxyContin? Let's re-examine the literature presented by Purdue.

First of all, OxyContin has an "abuse liability similar to morphine." In truth, the warning should be made very clearly: OxyContin has a high potential for abuse. It was specifically developed to help cancer patients treat their chronic pain. It has a controlled release formulation to allow for up to 12 hours of relief from moderate to severe pain. Schedule II drugs have the highest potential for abuse of any approved drugs.

While Purdue acknowledges that it "can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit," they fail to admit the obvious: OxyContin is the painkiller of potential abuse preferred by the masses.

The U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Diversion Control states, "OxyContin has become a target for diverters and abusers of controlled substances because of the larger amounts of the active ingredient in relation to other previous oxycodone products and the ability of abusers to easily compromise the controlled release formulation." The site for the information is  http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/oxycodone/abuse_oxy.htm

One very real and long-term danger of abusing OxyContin is that of dependence and an eventual withdrawal similar to that experienced by heroin abusers.Dependence on oxycodone also generally leads to chronic abuse, with users increasing the amount of the drug to satisfy their body's tolerance. It needs to be simply stated: The abuse of OxyContin often leads to a heroin-like dependence on the drug.

Of course, doctors and patients are warned that OxyContin is not intended for use on an "as-needed basis." Unfortunately, either significant numbers don't believe this warning or they underestimate the risks. People do the unthinkable: People take OxyContin "as-needed" for pain. OxyContin has been very commonly prescribed by doctors for pain resulting from major surgery or even dental work, bad back pain or headaches, serious and painful injury, and a disease or condition like cancer or severe arthritis.

Patients who take OxyContin may be at serious risk. Misuse can cause "fatal respiratory depression." The drug presents particular problems "for those with a personal or family history of substance abuse (including drug or alcohol abuse or addiction) or mental illness (e.g., major depression)." People do die from misusing OxyContin.

In the real world many patients are not being adequately "assessed for their clinical risks for opioid abuse or addiction prior to being prescribed opioids." Instead, many receive little or no assessment in the pill mills that litter the country. It happens all the time: OxyContin is prescribed to people without proper assessment.

Patients even purchase prescriptions without physical examinations and without proper medical records. Some have purchased fake MRIs. Many of these people are addicted to OxyContin, and many are cashing in while dealing the product. Some addicts and pill dealers obtain a scan from an injured person, then make computer copies to attach their own names in order to persuade a doctor to give out pills.

Are doctors effectively monitoring the use of OxyContin? The warning, again, is clear: "all patients receiving opioids should be routinely monitored for signs of misuse, abuse and addiction." The answer is "no": Doctors are not monitoring the use of OxyContin. A new study found that primary care physicians may not be diligently monitoring patients who are taking opioid painkillers such as OxyContin, even those who are at risk for becoming dependent on them. (Kim Carollo, "Many Doctors Fail to Monitor Potential Opioid Abuse Appropriately," ABC News Medical Unit, March 17 2011)
 
"We studied a cohort of more than 1,600 primary care patients prescribed long-term opioids and looked at how frequently they received three strategies for reducing the risk of misuse," said lead researcher Dr. Joanna Starrels, assistant professor of medicine at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, N.Y. The three risk-reduction strategies are urine tests, face-to-face office visits at least every six months and within a month of changing an opioid prescription, and limiting the number of early refills.

Data showed that only 8 percent of the patients in the study had any urine drug testing, less than half had regular office visits and nearly 25 percent received multiple early refills.

"This suggests that primary care physicians are not using these risk reduction strategies very frequently," said Starrels.

Here is the site for the article: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/primary-care-physicians-fail-monitor-patients-opioids-abuse/story?id=13149464 



What Can Be Done?

On their site, Purdue proudly states the following:

"Purdue has long-standing expertise in pain management and has transformed clinical practice to better serve the needs of patients with pain. We have conducted extensive research into the development of analgesics that provide safe and effective pain relief to patients. We work extensively with physicians, opinion leaders, and patient advocacy groups to ensure that pain is appropriately recognized and treated.

"Purdue and Shionogi & Co., Ltd., one of Japan's largest research-based pharmaceutical companies, are collaborating on the discovery and development of novel, non-opioid medications to treat pain. The research, which targets cellular receptors known to modulate pain responses, is being conducted jointly at Purdue's research center in Cranbury, New Jersey, and Shionogi's laboratories in Osaka, Japan.

"Purdue has an exclusive U.S. licensing and co-promotion agreement with Labopharm Inc. of Laval, Canada for Ryzolt (tramadol HCl extended-release tablets), an extended release formulation of tramadol."

This is the link to Purdue: http://www.purduepharma.com/About/Pages/Partner-With-Purdue.aspx.

I hope Purdue cleans up much of the mess caused by the use and misuse of their product. They need to do this at once by pouring money into education, intervention, and first-class treatment. Of course, this will do nothing to compensate those who have suffered the greatest losses -- those who have lost loved ones in the rx drug epidemic.

Maybe their work in "the discovery and development of novel, non-opioid medications to treat pain" will help alleviate future death and destruction. I sincerely hope so.

And, of course, Purdue could tighten controls over distribution. Yes, they could even stop manufacturing OxyContin.

It is very difficult to write about OxyContin without sounding like an alarmist. I do not intend to sound as if I blame Purdue Pharma for every casualty of rx abuse. But, I do believe they should do more to pay for their share of the misery.

According to a report by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights International, "Oxycodone, the addictive prescription pain-killer also known by its Purdue Pharma brand name OxyContin, directly caused more deaths in Florida in 2009 than cocaine, heroin and morphine combined."

The report continues, "Prescription drugs as a whole are killing far more Floridians than illegal drugs, with some 8,600 deaths last year involving at least one prescription drug, according to an annual report released today (July 1 2010) by the Florida Medical Examiners Commission. That’s 5 percent of all deaths in Florida in 2009, when 171,300 people died in the state." Read the report here: http://www.cchrint.org/tag/oxycontin/

Monday, August 1, 2011

The Reality of Committing Errors



"The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,
Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it."  

-Omar Khayyam, "LXXI" The Rubaiyat
 
I would love to have super powers that allowed me to undo the wrongs I have committed in my life. Maybe the process would involve time travel and using 20/20 hindsight. I would return to my past, reenter my regrets slightly before I made any errors, use my better judgment, and thus erase all of my bad behaviors. Then again, how would I accomplish anything new if I had to spend so much time righting all those numerous past mistakes? Oh well, all of that is fantasy and lies only in the realm of impossibility.

I must face reality. I cannot go back and correct my wrongdoings -- not even one of them. And, just as disheartening, I know I am not finished making crucial false steps. I will make many, many more goofs. In fact, nothing I can do will change this. I have learned some hard lessons, but I will continue to disappoint myself with my own behavior.

From time to time, I will still be unkind. I will continue to do many more things that, once done, I will wish I could undo. Being a fallible human, I will repeatedly blunder and suffer the pains of regret. Since I must continue to meet many difficult obstacles along my way, I will be confronted by hard choices.I will even make some bad choices about important matters, and I will be forced to stand by my poor decisions. I will have to accept the realistic understanding that "there is no way to step back onto the ledge once I've left it."

I will be permanently stained by some of my miscues. In time, these stains may fade but they will prove impossible to remove. I will pay dearly for these mistakes, and others may judge my very life by them. Friends may hold grudges, and loves may be lost because of my gaffes. Still, the smudges will be a part of me, where I've been and what I've learned.

I find it very hard to be close to people who seem to have remained above any splatter of past wrongdoing and who believe they are too good to do any more significant wrong. These folks seem to revel in being righteous and squeaky clean, and I automatically feel uncomfortable around the angels. I find myself raising "caution flags" imprinted with the word insincerity. And, I really think they fear my tarnish is going to rub off, so they prefer to engage in distant and superficial contact, if any.

Perhaps their fear is well grounded. I know I shouldn't judge them. Maybe a lot of potentially infallible people do exist. I could be way off in my thinking. Still, I know I am going to screw up royally before my week is over, so I would rather rely on the forgiveness of others rather than on my ability to court perfection.

I hate making mistakes, hurting others, and upsetting the peace I should be working to uphold. Seldom a day goes by that I don't plan to improve; however, I am so much a creature of habit that I find myself consistently acting the same selfish way and somehow messing up. Yeah, I know. Everyone makes mistakes. That's one lesson I have learned very well.

Another lesson I have learned is that human compassion and understanding help make important bridges between people. I cannot hold hatred for those who misstep against me. I may have done that in the past, but now, recognizing myself as one who frequently does wrong, I know that harboring ill will toward others is destructive. It destroys them and it destroys me. How can I possibly do this when I understand I am nothing but a sinner? I can't change my sins, but I can be forgiving of sins committed by others. I hope others can forgive me, too. I trust God will help us all as we continue to have inevitable falls.  

Purdue Says, "Safety Matters."


Nowhere...nowhere in America is more in need of resources to combat rx abuse than Appalachia, even more specifically Southern Ohio and Scioto County. But, how can the area acquire the funds that are so desperately needed? How about calling on some big bucks from Purdue Pharma?

Purdue Pharma, the manufacturer of OxyContin, has established a website, RxSafetyMatters.org, to help with the rx drug health epidemic. At the site, Purdue emphasizes "the importance of providing relief while preventing abuse." The site emphasizes that Pharma is dedicated to reducing the terrible effects of prescription abuse.

Here is the pledge from Purdue:

"The under treatment of pain and the abuse of prescription pain medications are two important public health problems that are increasingly at odds in our society.

"Pain affects millions of Americans each year and is one of the top reasons people seek medical care. The annual cost of pain in the U.S. is estimated to be more than $100 billion, including healthcare expenses, lost income, and lost productivity.

"At the same time, the illegal trafficking (or diversion) and abuse of prescription medicines has become a serious public health problem in the United States.

"At Purdue Pharma L.P., we are working with healthcare professionals, law enforcement, and local communities across the country to help curb diversion and abuse of medications, while making sure these medicines remain available for appropriate medical use. We have developed an array of programs focused on education, prevention, and deterrence.

"We have developed http://www.rxsafetymatters.org/ to help healthcare professionals, families and communities, and law enforcement officials learn about and utilize these resources to help reduce the abuse and diversion of prescription medications."

I believe Purdue is making these efforts to improve their image and to appease the public.To their twin concerns of "providing relief" and "preventing abuse," Purdue must add and address two other components -- overdistribution and treatment. They must stop the flood of distribution and devote a significant percentage of OxyContin profits to fight addiction through treatment and rehabilitation.

Overdistribution

The public is outraged over the outrageous distribution of OxyContin. Consider just a couple of statistics concerning oxycodone distribution: During 2009 Florida distributed 523 million doses of oxycodone, up 100 million from 2008. From 2001 to 2008, more than 2,000 Floridians died of overdoses of oxycodone, the St. Petersburg Times reported. How can this rampant distribution be allowed to continue? Everyone involved must be held responsible.

According to Larry Golborn, host of the Prescription Addiction Radio Show, "The public is beginning to understand that OxyContin is simply a controlled release form of oxycodone. Oxycodone has been available to medicine for over 60 years and it was Purdue Pharma starting in late 1995 who apparently realized that marketing a product similar to heroin would be highly profitable." (Larry Golborn, "The FDA and OxyContin," www.novusdetox.com, August 25 2009)

Purdue Pharma has to take measures to help stop the free distribution of their drug.

Treatment

If Purdue is so concerned about working with healthcare professionals, law enforcement, and local communities, it should pour some of its huge profits (sales of $3 billion by as early as 2001) into treating those who have been devastated by their product.

No, I'm not talking about the 2007 settlement to resolve criminal and civil charges related to the drug’s “misbranding.” Then, Purdue agreed to pay some $600 million in fines and other payments after pleading guilty of misleading regulators, doctors and patients about the drug’s risk of addiction and its potential to be abused. They had conducted one of the most aggressive marketing campaign ever undertaken by a pharmaceutical company. Most believe this was a very small price to pay for their crimes.

Instead, I'm talking about now. It's time for Purdue Pharma to take responsibility for the large-scale damage done.

As far back as 2001, Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal called on Purdue Pharma to devote a specified percentage of its profits to treatment and rehabilitation of OxyContin addiction, resulting from both legitimate and illicit use.

In a letter to Dr. Richard Sackler, president of Purdue Pharma, Blumenthal recommended several reforms aimed at restricting the availability of OxyContin and educating physicians about the proper use of the drug.

"This extraordinarily powerful medicine promises tremendous benefits to people who suffer from severe chronic pain, but it also has led to widespread misuse, diversion, criminal wrongdoing, and related problems. Addiction is a real, present and growing danger," wrote Blumenthal. "While Purdue Pharma seems sincere in seeking to address the problems, no comprehensive effective solutions have been offered. Very bluntly, initiatives must move beyond cosmetic and symbolic steps to deal directly with alarming and growing diversion, abuse, fraud, robbery and other law breaking spawned by the present system of distribution."

In 2008, Blumenthal, in congressional testimony, demanded federal action on his petition to require stronger label warnings on OxyContin and urged stronger criminal sanctions to prevent future tragedy. More action needs to be taken at once.

Still Hurting

In 2011, the United States still requires the implementation of many things Blumenthal asked to be done. Since Purdue has established the RxSafetyMatters site, maybe the company should live up to their pledge and put significant money where it's most needed. According to Blumenthal, here are some of the fronts thirsting for immediate action:

1. Devoting resources to treatment and rehabilitation programs, particularly among population groups most affected. According to Blumenthal, the company has a "responsibility, legal and moral, to individuals who are addicted, whether they acquired the drug legitimately or illicitly;"
 

2. Distributing OxyContin through designated pharmacies to stem diversion and stop the spread of armed robberies of drug stores. The proposal, originally suggested by the Drug Enforcement Authority, would help identify individuals engaging in "doctor shopping" and allow better and more frequent surveillance to help deter robberies. This should not impede access for individuals who legitimately need the drug, so long as the dispensing pharmacies are wisely chosen;
 

3. Limiting the distribution of OxyContin only to physicians who have extensive experience or training in pain management, such as those physicians who regularly treat patients for chronic or severe pain. While OxyContin was initially prescribed to cancer patients, it is now made widely available for many other conditions involving pain;

4. Instituting a physician certification program whereby doctors are trained in the proper use of Oxycontin and its attendant dangers and benefits. Purdue Pharma could then require such certification prior to selling the pharmaceutical to any physician; and,
 

5. Adopting a plan that incorporates a multi-disciplinary approach to pain management, where Schedule II opioids such as OxyContin are the treatment of last resort for chronic pain, and requiring physicians to accept such a "contract."