Tuesday, June 9, 2020

The Racial Wealth Gap -- Facing the Great Divide



According to “The Road to Zero Wealth” report published by Prosperity Now and the Institute for Policy Studies, the median wealth of black Americans will fall to zero by 2053 if current trends continue.”

Charlene Rhinehart, Black Enterprise

84% of African American believe the American Dream means financial security; 78% in not living paycheck-to-paycheck; and 77% in owning a home. Yet, to many, that American Dream is more and more simply fading away.

With the US set to become “majority minority” by 2044, researchers say this spells major economic peril for the nation. If the racial wealth divide continues to accelerate, the economic conditions of black and Latino households will have an increasingly adverse impact on the economy because the majority of US households will no longer have enough wealth to stake their claim in the middle class.

Of course, black Americans started off generations behind. Efforts by black Americans to build wealth can be traced back throughout American history. But these efforts have been impeded in a host of ways. In the early-to-middle 20th century they encountered the redlining and racially restrictive housing covenants which prevented the sale of many homes to black Americans, and isolated them together in communities that lost value as white residents fled to the suburbs.

Dedrick Asante-Muhammad, a senior fellow at Prosperity Now, explains …

The majority of white Americans weren’t middle class until the 1930s or 40s. Then there was mass investment to create an American middle class – but it was a white American middle class.”

(Jamiles Lartey. “Median wealth of black Americans 'will fall to zero by 2053',
warns new report.” The Guardian. September 13, 2017.)


The racial wealth gap is the result of systematic disadvantages that African-Americans face on a regular basis. Only sustained, large and targeted policy interventions will help turn the tide toward equality. History has painted a bleak picture of advancement.

This history matters for contemporary inequality in part because its legacy is passed down generation-to-generation through unequal monetary inheritances which make up a great deal of current wealth. In 2020 Americans are projected to inherit about $765 billion in gifts and bequests, excluding wealth transfers to spouses and transfers that support minor children. Inheritances account for roughly 4 percent of annual household income, much of which goes untaxed by the U.S. government.”

(Kriston McIntosh, Emily Moss, Ryan Nunn, and Jay Shambaugh.
Examining the Black-white wealth gap.” Brookings. February 27, 2020.)

Brookings found evidence of staggering racial disparities in 2016. Then, at $171,000, the net worth of a typical white family was nearly ten times greater than that of a Black family ($17,150). Gaps in wealth between black and white households reveal the effects of accumulated inequality and discrimination, as well as differences in power and opportunity that can be traced back to this nation’s inception. The Black-white wealth gap reflects a society that has not and does not afford equality of opportunity to all its citizens.

The average white man earns $2.7 million over a lifetime, while the average black man earns $1.8 million and the average Hispanic man earns $2.0 million.”

Melissa Favreault, Urban Institute's tabulations from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to Summary Earnings Records through 2012


What Can Be Done?

Jabari Simama, retired President of Georgia Piedmont Technical College and Deputy Chief Operating Officer of Development and Chief of Staff in DeKalb County, believes Ameria must close the achievement gap in education with whites and aid African Americans in obtaining job skills in high-demand careers such as advanced manufacturing, medical coding, welding and more. This would go a long way toward addressing the school-to-prison pipeline that traps so many African American males.

Simama supports reform on the state level in which public officials conduct a bipartisan, comprehensive review of all policies to determine if they promote or impact systematic racism. This includes a review of right-to-work laws to ascertain their impact on workers' wages and protections, partisan restrictions that impact citizens' right to vote – such as racially motivated redistricting, voter ID laws, eliminating polling places, and refusing to let felons who have paid their debt to society vote all contribute to systematic racism.

Public officials should also advance programs that deal with poverty at its roots, starting with analyzing returns on investments from tax abatements for economic development to see if the foregone revenues might better be utilized to lift more residents from poverty. This includes help so that minorities can become homeowners.

And finally, African Americans will never escape from poverty and find economic security until they have comprehensive health care that is separate from their employment – the pandemic has proven the importance of us all having health care for the benefit of society as a whole.

A report by the Insight Center, a national research and economic justice organization, warns of merely fixating on the gap, but instead creating “policies that address the precarity of work, establish protections that help people weather unforeseen upheavals, build up wealth and promote social freedoms, and prioritize the well-being of the public at large rather than the interests of the wealthy few ... a system that disallows private interests from distorting the influence of government, politics, and policymaking.”

Anne Price, president of the Insight Center for Community Economic Development, explains …

Ultimately, a new racial-wealth framework – one that centers the root of racial wealth inequality rather than fixating on the gap – will create a broader opportunity to tackle the structure of our economy while also taking a hard and honest look at what freedom and dignity mean today and what they could mean for all of us, especially Black people. We must seize the moment to think big and dismantle anti-Blackness, the foundational architecture of the rules that maintain racial oppression and economic exclusion today. Without being intentional in grappling with the strong role it plays in shaping most economic policies, we will continue to be unsuccessful in advancing economic solutions that both rectify the failings of the past and help everyone thrive in the future.”

(Anne Price, “Don't Fixate On the Racial Wealth Gap: Focus on Undoing Its Root Causes.” Roosevelt Institute. February 2020.)



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